事务分类与主体分化:一种村级组织体系的结构优化逻辑  

Task Classification and Subject Differentiation:A Structural Optimization Logic for Village-Level Organizational Systems

作　　者：杜鹏[1] 柳泽凡 DU Peng;LIU Zefan(School of Sociology,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学社会学院,天津300071

出　　处：《求实》2025年第2期81-95,M0006,共16页Truth Seeking

摘　　要：当前,乡村治理进入新的阶段,农村基层组织面临新的挑战。本研究基于组织运作的视角,探析村级治理体系的组织结构和实践过程。研究发现,村庄治理事务影响村级治理的组织规模与结构形态,在村庄多元治理事务的现实背景下,村级组织呈现“分工治理”的运作特征。根据村级治理事务的类型,村级组织结构呈现材料办公型、村民关系型及经营发展型等类型,不同的治理形态适配多元的干部主体。同时,“分工型”村级组织的实践过程表现为“手段分异”的治理形式、“价值分化”的激励方式以及“功能互补”的组织整合。实践表明,我国多数村级组织的队伍建设正在从“统合型”走向“分工型”的组织样态。通过村级组织体系的优化重组,建立更加合理、高效的干部队伍,有助于实现村级治理能力的提升和村庄治理体系的优化,以更加适应基层治理现代化的实践要求。As rural governance enters a new stage,rural primary-level organizations face new challenges.This study investigates the organizational structure and practical processes of village-level governance systems from the perspective of organizational operations.It is found that village governance tasks shape the organizational scale and structural configurations of village-level governance.Under the background of diversified governance tasks in villages,village-level organizations show the operational pattern of division-based governance.According to the type of governance tasks,villagelevel organizational structures present documentation-oriented,resident relations-oriented,and development-oriented types,with different governance forms aligning with diversified officials.Furthermore,the practice of division-based village-level organizations is characterized by governance forms with differentiated means,incentive mechanisms with diversified values,and organizational integration through functional complementarity.Empirical evidence indicates that the talent teams of most village organizations'in China is moving from an integrated model to a division-based organizational model.Establishing more rational and efficient cadre teams by optimizing and restructuring village-level organizational systems will help to enhance village governance capabilities and optimize village governance systems,thus better meeting the practical demands of governance modernization at the primary level.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 乡村治理 村级组织 组织运作 “分工型”治理体系 事务分类 主体分化 

分 类 号：D638[政治法律—政治学] D035[政治法律—中外政治制度]