基于MPC的直流微电网双层功率分配优化的研究  

Research on optimization of double-layer power distribution of DC microgrid based on MPC

作　　者：王士万 史冬琳 WANG Shiwan;SHI Donglin(Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology,School of Information and Control Engineering,Jilin 132000,China;Northeast Electric Power University,School of Electrical Engineering,Jilin 132021,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林化工学院信息与控制工程学院,吉林吉林132000 [2]东北电力大学电气工程学院,吉林吉林132021

出　　处：《电气应用》2025年第3期23-32,共10页Electrotechnical Application

摘　　要：微电网中可再生能源(Renewable Energy Source,RES)和混合储能系统(Hybrid Energy Storage System,HESS)的集成为终端用户和系统运营商提供了潜在的利益。然而,RES的间歇性问题和储能系统的高成本需要深入研究,以确保微电网的经济运行。提出了一种由蓄电池和超级电容器组成的混合储能系统,对微电网双层双时间尺度的预测能量管理系统(Energy Management System,EMS)进行功率分配优化调度,并对蓄电池和超级电容器的退化成本进行建模。为了以最小的运行成本维持较高的系统鲁棒性,提出了分层调度模型,以优化有限时间范围内微电网在公用电网中的经济性和可靠性。其中,上层目标为最小化总运行成本,下层目标为消除预测误差引起的波动和储能实时风电并网功率波动。仿真研究表明,在两个控制层可以利用不同类型的储能元件特性,功率调度分配优先级最高为超级电容器,其次为微电网与公用电网交互,最后为蓄电池。针对多个决策目标,微电网运行的经济效益进一步提高。在实时定价方案中也验证了所提混合储能结构的有效性。The integration of renewable energy sources(RES)and hybrid energy storage systems(HESS)in microgrids offers potential benefits to end users and system operators.However,the intermittent nature of RES and the high cost of ESS need to be carefully studied to ensure the economical operation of microgrids.A hybrid energy storage component composed of a battery and a supercapacitor is proposed to optimize the power allocation and scheduling of the predictive energy management system(EMS)of the microgrid with two layers and two time scales.The degradation costs of storage batteries and supercapacitors are modeled.In order to maintain high system robustness with minimal operating cost,a hierarchical scheduling model is proposed to optimize the economy and reliability of microgrid in public power consumption within a limited time range.Among them,the upper goal is to minimize the total operating cost,and the lower goal is to eliminate the fluctuations caused by prediction errors and the fluctuation of grid-connected power of real-time wind power for energy storage.The simulation results show that the characteristics of different types of energy storage components can be used in the two control layers,and the power dispatching and allocation priority supercapacitor is finst,followed by the interaction between the microgrid and the public power grid,and then the storage battery.The economic benefits of the microgrid operation are further improved for multiple decision-making objectives.The real-time pricing scheme also verifies the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid energy storage structure.

关 键 词：微电网 双层控制 模型预测控制 混合储能系统 功率分配 优化调度 

分 类 号：TM7[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]