飞絮期间城区杨柳飞絮浓度的时间变化特征--以北京昌平城区西南片区为例  

Temporal Variation Characteristics of Urban Poplar and Willow Catkin Concentration During the Catkin Season:A Case Study of the Southwest Area of Changping District in Beijing City

作　　者：张弛 孙尚伟[3] 韩彦华 韩丛海 金佳莉 Zhang Chi;Sun Shangwei;Han Yanhua;Han Conghai;Jin Jiali(Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry/Urban Forest Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China;Forestry and Parks Bureau,Shijingshan District,Beijing 100049,China;Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Forestry and Parks Bureau,Changping District,Beijing 102200,China;Municipal Forestry and Parks Bureau,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业和草原局城市森林研究中心,北京100091 [2]北京市石景山区园林绿化局,北京100049 [3]中国林业科学研究院,北京100091 [4]北京市昌平区园林绿化局,北京102200 [5]北京市园林绿化局,北京100013

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2025年第1期90-96,共7页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金经费项目(2020133129)。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示飞絮浓度的时空分布特征及其影响因素,为科学制定杨柳飞絮防治对策提供理论依据和技术支持。[方法]选取北京市昌平区西南部区域为研究区,于2021年4-5月,全面调查研究区内杨柳树分布情况,采用空气飞絮浓度拍照观测法观测飞絮浓度,分析典型样点杨柳飞絮发生及日变化规律。[结果]1)杨柳飞絮在城区的发生过程可分为初始期、爆发期和结束期3个阶段,其中爆发期飞絮浓度最高,对环境和居民的影响最为显著。飞絮浓度的日变化呈现明显的时段性,10∶00-16∶00为飞絮浓度高峰期,而夜间20∶00到早上8∶00这个时段,飞絮浓度较低。2)飞絮浓度变化不是平缓变化的过程,具有骤升骤降的特点,即在晴朗、微风的天气下,飞絮更容易飘散且难以聚集,飞絮浓度相对较低;而城市的热岛效应,会影响城市下垫面的空气流动,导致飞絮在风力作用下向城市的中心区域聚集,飞絮浓度随之上升。3)飞絮浓度的空间分布受到多种因素的综合影响,包括区域内外部飞絮树种分布、树种高度、天气状况、区域内部建筑等。不同小区、道路和公园绿地的飞絮浓度变化特征存在差异,且与周边环境条件密切相关。[结论]飞絮浓度的时空分布规律可以指导城市管理部门在飞絮高发时段和区域采取针对性的防治措施,如洒水降絮、注射药物等,有效降低飞絮对居民生活和健康的不利影响。居民应在飞絮浓度较低的时段(如早上8∶00前或晚上20∶00后)进行户外活动,以减少飞絮对健康的危害。未来研究应加强对飞絮污染的常态化监测与分析、重点关注飞絮污染对城市居民的情绪与行为方式的影响,以及调整非飞絮树种比例、植物配置结构等。[Objective]It reveals the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of catkin concentration and their influencing factors,with the aim of providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the science-based formulation of catkin control strategies.[Method]The southwestern area of Changping District in Beijing was selected to comprehensively investigate the distribution of poplars and willows from April to May 2021.The concentration of flying catkins was observed using a photographic method to analyze the diurnal changes in poplar and willow catkins at typical sampling points and their patterns.[Result]1)The observed catkin concentration in the district goes through three stages:the initial stage,the outbreak stage,and the end stage.The catkin concentration is the highest during the outbreak stage,imposing the most substantial impact on the environment and residents.Significant diurnal changes are observed in the catkin concentration.The catkin concentration peaks from 10∶00 to 16∶00,while it is relatively low from 20∶00 to 8∶00 the next day.2)The change in catkin concentration is not a smooth process,but is characterized by abrupt increases and decreases.In clear and breezy weather,catkins are more easily dispersed and difficult to gather,resulting in lower catkin concentration.The urban heat island effect can affect the air flow over the urban surface and cause catkins to gather in the central area of cities under the influence of wind,thus increasing the catkin concentration.3)The spatial distribution of catkin concentration is affected by multiple factors,including the distribution of tree species producing catkins inside and outside the area,the height of the trees,the weather conditions,and the buildings within the area.The catkin concentrations in various residential compounds,roads,and park green spaces show different change characteristics.[Conclusion]The spatiotemporal distribution pattern of poplar and willow catkins can help urban administration departments take targeted actions in the c

关 键 词：杨柳飞絮 城市社区 浓度 日变化 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]