以自然体验为导向的儿童友好活动空间循证设计  

Evidence-Based Design of Children-Friendly Activity Space Oriented Towards Nature Experience

作　　者：白洁[1,2] 张文正[1] 徐美红 许涛 王苗 Bai Jie;Zhang Wenzheng;Xu Meihong;Xu Tao;Wang Miao(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Oriental Landscape and Heritage Research Center,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Shanghai Shenzhen Aoya Garden Design Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200052,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津30007 [2]天津大学东方景观与遗产研究中心,天津300072 [3]上海深圳奥雅园林设计有限公司,上海200052

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2025年第1期111-118,共8页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：国家留学基金项目(202106255013、202106255014)。

摘　　要：城市化加速导致儿童接触自然的机会减少,“自然缺失症”现象日益明显。为激发儿童对自然和乡土文化的热爱,文章基于亲自然设计理论,构建并验证自然体验导向的儿童友好活动空间设计指标体系,该体系从直接、间接和象征3个维度出发,结合Kellert理论,提出13个属性因子,并通过专家打分法和层次分析法确定权重;以广东江门市新会区“精灵鸟理想国儿童乐园”为例,通过保护自然、营造自然场所和借助主题IP激发想象力等策略,实现了儿童与自然的深度互动。结果表明:直接自然体验(如生物多样性)权重最高,间接(如诱惑力)和象征(如抽象表达)自然体验起辅助作用;整体设计效果良好(总分0.8426),有助于促进儿童身心健康,培养自然情感和环保意识,但生物多样性等因子仍有提升空间。总体而言,通过“研究-实践-反馈”的循证设计模式,为儿童友好城市建设提供了科学路径,未来可进一步探索自然体验的消极效应及应对策略,以优化儿童与自然的互动体验。As the accelerating urbanization results in a significant reduction in children's opportunities to engage with nature,the phenomenon of"Nature Deficit Disorder"has become increasingly evident.To foster children's affection for nature and local culture,this study,grounded in the theory of biophilic design,constructs and validates a design index system for children-friendly activity spaces oriented towards natural experiences.This system,derived from three dimensions—direct,indirect,and symbolic-and integrated with Kellert's theory,proposes 13 attribute factors.The weights of these factors are determined through expert scoring and the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).Taking the"Fairy Bird Utopia Children's Park"in Xinhui District,Jiangmen City,Guangdong Province,as a case study,the strategies such as preserving nature,creating natural spaces,and utilizing thematic IPs to stimulate imagination are taken to facilitate close interactions between children and nature.The results indicate that direct natural experiences(e.g.,biodiversity)carry the highest weight,while indirect(e.g.,attraction)and symbolic(e.g.,abstract expression)natural experiences play supportive roles.The overall design is commendable in effect(total score at 0.8426),contributing to the promotion of children's physical and mental health as well as to the cultivation of their natural emotions and environmental awareness.However,there remains room for improvement in factors such as biodiversity.In conclusion,through the evidence-based design model of"research-practice-feedback,"this study provides a scientific pathway for the development of children-friendly cities.Future research could further explore the negative effects of natural experiences and the corresponding strategies to optimize the interactive experiences between children and nature.

关 键 词：自然体验 儿童友好活动空间 层次分析法 全生命周期设计 循证设计 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]