不同坡度下生态防护黄土边坡水分迁移演化特征研究  

Study on Water Migration and Evolution Characteristics of Ecologically Protected Loess Slopes with Different Inclinations

作　　者：张文铎 包含[1,2,3] 兰恒星 郑涵[2,5] 晏长根 王俊田[1] 敖新林 ZHANG Wenduo;BAO Han;LAN Hengxing;ZHENG Han;YAN Changgen;WANG Juntian;AO Xinlin(School of Highway,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,Shaanxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Loess Science(in preparation),Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Xi'an Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering for Green and Intelligent Transport,Xi’an 710064,Shaanxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路学院,陕西西安710064 [2]黄土科学全国重点实验室(筹),陕西西安710054 [3]西安市绿色智慧交通岩土工程重点实验室,陕西西安710064 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [5]长安大学水利与环境学院,旱区地下水与生态效应教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《西北地质》2025年第2期121-135,I0002,共16页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41927806、42041006、32071586);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBSF-486);陕西省交通运输厅2024年度交通科研项目(24-38K);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102212213、300102293207)联合资助。

摘　　要：黄土边坡广泛分布于中国西北地区,在强降雨条件下极易发生失稳灾害。生态防护已成为保护黄土边坡的有效手段,但不同坡度的生态防护黄土边坡,会导致其内部水分迁移特征及防护效果的差异。因此,为研究不同坡度对生态防护黄土边坡水分迁移与演化特征的影响,本研究以45°和60°两个坡度的生态防护黄土边坡模型为基础,采用时间序列分析法和Hydrus-2D水分迁移模拟软件,解释了生态防护黄土边坡的水分动态演化规律,揭示了降雨强度、降雨历时和植物生长周期对含水率响应模式的影响,并分析了不同防护阶段和不同坡度下边坡土壤水分迁移的规律。研究结果表明,整个监测期间,60°边坡的整体含水率略低于45°边坡,且60°边坡的土壤水分在坡面下部随土层分布的差异性更加显著,而45°边坡在坡顶时表现更明显;随着降雨强度的增加,坡体内部水分对降雨事件响应的滞后时间显著缩短,而边坡内部水分响应的滞后时间及其达到最强响应的滞后时间则随着降雨事件历时的延长而相应增加,植被防护能够有效增大边坡水分对降雨响应的滞后时间,60°边坡内部对所研究降雨事件响应的滞后时间均慢于45°边坡;针对强降雨事件,生态防护可以有效降低水分入渗速率,不同防护时期水分迁移速率表现为:防护前期>防护中期>防护后期,同时植物对60°边坡的水分迁移速率影响更为显著,且60°边坡水分入渗响应速率比45°边坡更慢。Loess slopes are widely distributed in northwest China and are particularly susceptible to instability during heavy rainfall.Ecological protection has emerged as an effective means of safeguarding these slopes;however,varying ecological protection methods can lead to differences in the characteristics of internal water migration and overall protective efficacy.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the effects of different slope angles on the water migration and evolution characteristics of ecologically protected loess slopes.To achieve this,time series analysis and Hydrus-2D simulation software were utilized to elucidate the dynamic evolution of water within ecologically protected loess slopes,focusing on slope models with angles of 45°and 60°.The study revealed how rainfall intensity,duration,and plant growth stages impact the water content response model and examined the rules governing soil water transfer under different protection stages and slope angles.The results indicate that during the whole monitoring period,the overall moisture content of the 60°slope is slightly lower than that of the 45°slope,and the soil moisture distribution of the 60°slope with soil layer was more pronounced in the lower part of the slope,while the 45°slope is more obvious at the top.As rainfall intensity increased,the response lag time of internal slope water to rainfall significantly decreased,whereas extending the duration of rainfall events led to an increase in both the response lag time and the time to reach peak response.Vegetation protection effectively prolonged the lag time of the response of water inside slope to rainfall events.Additionally,the response of the 60°slope was slower than that of the 45°slope.For intense rainfall events,ecological protection can effectively reduce the water infiltration rate,and the water migration rate in different protection periods is as follows:early protection>middle protection>late protection.Furthermore,the effect of vegetation on the water migration rate was more signifi

关 键 词：生态护坡 坡度 水分迁移演化 时间序列分析 Hydrus2D 黄土高原 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学] U416.1[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]