“仁者爱人”的定位及其伦理新释  

The Positioning of“The Benevolent Loves Humanity”and Its New Ethical Interpretation

作　　者：阮航[1] RUAN Hang

机构地区：[1]湖北大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期31-42,168,共13页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“帕菲特的伦理理论及其当代效应研究”(20BZX112);湖北大学高等人文研究院资助项目“中国德性思想史”(013-0431145)。

摘　　要：“仁者爱人”这一解释在传统儒学中并不总是受重视,但自20世纪以来却逐步成为孔子“仁”的基本解释,这是适应现代生活及其理论特点的合理定位。从当代伦理的角度看,可以对“仁者爱人”提出三点新释:一是“爱人”之“爱”是一种较为温和的关怀之情,二是“爱人”之“爱”是经过自觉选择而具有偏向性的情感,三是选择“人”作为“爱”的对象表达了孔子的人文主义精神。这一新释可以为思考当代伦理问题提供独特的理路:它体现了儒家独特的道德视角,为理解人际关系和社会生活提供了一种儒家式的理解,并且可展开为看待自然界乃至整个世界的友好态度,发展出一种弱人类主义的生态伦理观。沿着这一理路,儒家伦理可以与当代西方主流的伦理理论展开有效的对话与交流。The interpretation of“The Benevolent Loves Humanity”was not highly regarded in traditional Confucianism.However,since the 20th century,it has gradually been recognized as the fundamental explanation of Confucius's concept of“benevolence”,a reasonable positioning that aligns with modern life and its theoretical characteristics.From an ethical perspective,three new interpretations of“The Benevolent Loves Humanity”can be proposed:first,the“love”in“loves humanity”is a gentle form of care;second,this“love”is a selectively biased emotion that arises from conscious choice;third,selecting“humanity”as the object of love reflects Confucius's humanistic spirit.This new interpretation offers a unique approach to addressing contemporary ethical issues,which reflects the unique moral perspective of Confucianism,provides a Confucian lens for understanding interpersonal relationships and social life,and extends a friendly stance towards nature and the broader world,thereby contributing to a mildly anthropocentric ecological ethic.Following this approach,Confucian ethics can engage in meaningful dialogue and exchange with contemporary Western mainstream ethical theories.

关 键 词：“仁” “仁者爱人” 孔子 儒家 人文主义 生态伦理 

分 类 号：B222.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]