生育对夫妻时间配置的影响研究  

Study on the Influence of Fertility on Couple's Time Allocation

作　　者：王亚迪 张抗私[2] WANG Ya-di;ZHANG Kang-si(School of Management,Henan University of Urban Construction,Pingdingshan henan 467036,China;Economics School,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,Dalian liaoning 116025,China)

机构地区：[1]河南城建学院管理学院,河南平顶山467036 [2]东北财经大学经济学院,辽宁大连116025

出　　处：《西北人口》2025年第2期15-28,共14页Northwest Population Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“就业优先、稳定和扩大就业的推动机制与政策研究”(项目编号:21ZDA099)。

摘　　要：工作时间与家务劳动时间的分配是家庭内部资源配置的关键维度,而生育是致使夫妻工作时间和家务劳动时间发生变动的重要因素。基于2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据,通过匹配妻子与丈夫的数据,综合使用Tobit和IV-Tobit模型实证检验了生育状况对中国夫妻时间配置的影响。研究发现,子女数量与妻子工作时间显著负相关,与丈夫工作时间、妻子和丈夫总家务劳动时间均显著正相关,且对妻子总家务劳动时间的影响程度大于对丈夫总家务劳动时间的影响程度。当每日总家务劳动时间达到3.5小时及以上时,产生“门槛效应”,妻子会选择退出劳动力市场;当每日总家务劳动时间达到4小时及以上时,产生“门槛效应”,丈夫会选择退出劳动力市场。在低、中等与高收入家庭中或无论妻子收入是否高于丈夫收入,子女数量与妻子和丈夫的总家务劳动时间均显著正相关,且对妻子总家务劳动时间的影响程度更大。祖辈照料、幼儿园等机构提供的外源性照料均显著弱化了子女数量增加对妻子工作时间及夫妻家务劳动时间的影响。基于此,应积极倡导并实施针对妻子群体的职业发展支持计划,以弥补儿童母亲因生育而丧失的职业技能发展机会,并加大力度发展婴幼儿照护服务体系,重视隔代照料现象,发挥其在家庭支持中的积极作用,以减轻家庭的育儿负担。The allocation of working hours and housework hours is a crucial dimension in family-internal resource al-location,and childbearing is an important factor that causes changes in the working hours and housework hours of cou-ples.Based on the data of the China Family Panel Studies in 2020,by matching the data of wives and husbands,this pa-per empirically tests the impact of fertility status on the time allocation of Chinese couples by comprehensively using To-bit and IV-Tobit models.The study finds that the number of children is significantly negatively correlated with wives'working hours,and is significantly positively correlated with husbands'working hours and the total housework hours of both wives and husbands.Moreover,the impact on wives'total housework hours is greater than that on husbands'total housework hours.When the total daily housework hours reach 3.5 hours or more,a“threshold effect”occurs,and wives will choose to withdraw from the labor market;when the total daily housework hours reach 4 hours or more,a“threshold effect”occurs,and husbands will choose to withdraw from the labor market.In low-income,middle-income and high-income families,or regardless of whether the wife's income is higher than the husband's income,the number of children is significantly positively correlated with the total housework hours of both wives and husbands,and the impact on wives'total housework hours is greater.Grandparent-care and exogenous care provided by kindergartens and other in-stitutions have significantly weakened the impact of the increase in the number of children on wives'working hours and the couple's total housework hours.Based on this,career development support plans for wives should be actively advo-cated and implemented to make up for the loss of career skill development opportunities for mothers due to childbear-ing,and more efforts should be made to develop the infant and child care service system,attach importance to the phe-nomenon of grandparent-care,and give play to its positive role in family

关 键 词：生育状况 工作时间 家务劳动时间 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学] C913.1