神经重症护士叩背排痰护理现状及护理机器人设计需求的质性研究  

A qualitative study on the status of back patting and sputum drainage nursing by Neurological Intensive Care Unit nurses and the design requirements for a nursing robot

作　　者：刘芳[1] 梅爱英 马岩 李梦楠 龚立超[1] 张鑫[1] Liu Fang;Mei Aiying;Ma Yan;Li Mengnan;Gong Lichao;Zhang Xin(Neurological Intensive Care Unit,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100053,China;Department of Neurology,Inner Mongolia Hospital,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Chifeng 024000,China;Department of Neurosurgery,Inner Mongolia Hospital,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Chifeng 024000,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科重症监护室,北京100053 [2]首都医科大学宣武医院内蒙古医院神经内科,赤峰024000 [3]首都医科大学宣武医院内蒙古医院神经外科,赤峰024000

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2025年第9期1189-1194,共6页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC0122701);国家卫生健康委医院管理研究所重症护理智能机器人系统研发项目协作单位课题(HLJQRS_2023A13)。

摘　　要：目的探讨神经重症护士叩背排痰的护理现状及其对护理机器人的设计需求,为叩背排痰护理机器人的设计提供参考。方法本研究为描述性质性研究。采用目的抽样法,于2024年1—2月选取首都医科大学宣武医院神经重症监护室的15名护士进行半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料进行分析。结果神经重症护士叩背排痰护理现状共提取出3个主要问题,分别为工作量大,费时费力;体位摆放及维持困难;护理缺失。神经重症护士对叩背排痰护理机器人设计需求共提炼出2个主题和10个副主题,分别为功能需求(翻身功能、支撑功能、智能识别功能、识别异常并做出报警或暂停、叩背排痰后效果评价功能);具体设计需求(基础功能设计、支撑部分的设计、叩背部分的设计、支撑和叩背协同设计、整体设计)。结论了解神经重症护士对叩背排痰护理机器人的设计需求,为设计安全、科学、合理、有效的叩背排痰护理机器人提供参考。ObjectiveTo explore the current status of back patting and sputum drainage nursing performed by nurses in the Neurological Intensive Care Unit(NICU)and their design requirements for a nursing robot,providing a reference for the design of nursing robots for back patting and sputum drainage.MethodsThis descriptive qualitative study employed a purposive sampling method.From January to February 2024,semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 nurses from the NICU of Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University.Data were analyzed using Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.ResultsA total of three major issues were identified regarding the current practice of back patting and sputum drainage nursing by NICU nurses:heavy workload and time-consuming;difficulties in patient positioning and maintenance;deficiencies in nursing care.The design requirements for a back patting and sputum drainage nursing robot were categorized into two main themes with 10 sub-themes:functional requirements(turning function,supporting function,intelligent recognition function,abnormality detection with alarm or pause feature,and evaluation of post-percussion effectiveness);design requirements(basic functional design,support component design,percussion component design,coordination between support and percussion functions,and overall structural design).ConclusionsUnderstanding the design requirements of NICU nurses for a back patting and sputum drainage nursing robot provides valuable insights for developing a safe,scientific,reasonable,and effective robotic system.

关 键 词：护理机器人 神经重症 叩背 排痰 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]