图尔敏对理性失衡的历史考察与认识论根源探析  

Toulmin’s Historical Investigation and Epistemological Analysis of Rational Imbalance

作　　者：罗玉萍[1] LUO Yu-ping(School of Marxism,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学马克思主义学院,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《贵州工程应用技术学院学报》2025年第1期69-74,共6页Journal of Guizhou University Of Engineering Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“图尔敏平衡理性主义思想及当代价值研究”,项目编号:19FZXB012;郑州大学教育教学改革研究与实践项目“科学思维方法赋能高校‘大思政课’育人机制建设与实践研究”,项目编号:2024ZZUJGXM030。

摘　　要：近代以来,理性主义者试图将事物嵌入精确性的理论秩序中,确定性是他们的目标。图尔敏通过对人类理性发展的考察指出,逻辑经验主义者过分强调科学知识的理论性、普遍性和确定性,忽略了科学知识的实用性、局域性和或然性,造成理性的失衡。这种失衡是理性与合理性之间的失衡;构造理念的世界遮蔽经验背后的生活世界;脱离了历史和文化情境的绝对抽象。这种不平衡的理性发展造成了某些领域对其他领域的“殖民”,并且成为现代生活意义危机的主要原因。历史主义学派过犹不及地发挥了相对主义,非理性主义的极端发展,造成理性主义再次失衡。Since modern times,rationalists have tried to embed things in a theoretical order of precision,with certainty as their goal.Toulmin points out that logical empiricists overemphasize the theoretical nature,universality and certainty of scientific knowledge,and ignore its practicability,locality and probability,resulting in the imbalance of rationality.This is the imbalance between rationality and reasonableness.The world of constructing ideas overshadows the world of life behind experience.It is detached from the absolute abstraction of historical and cultural situations.The unbalanced rational development has led to the“colonization”of some fields over others,and caused the crisis of the meaning of modern life.The historicism overplayed the relativism and the extreme development of irrationalism,resulting in the imbalance of rationalism again.

关 键 词：图尔敏 合理性 合乎情理性 相对主义 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]