酌定不起诉出罪效能的完善路径  

On the Effectiveness of Discretionary Non-Prosecution Dicisions

作　　者：李辞[1] Li Ci

机构地区：[1]福州大学法学院,福建福州350116

出　　处：《法学杂志》2025年第2期111-129,共19页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金一般项目“慎诉刑事政策下公诉模式转型研究”(项目编号:22BFX056)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：酌定不起诉作为主要的审前出罪制度,其出罪效能尚未充分实现。主要原因在于,立法对酌定不起诉适用条件的规定不够明确,制度适用又面临较为繁琐的内部审批程序。为激活酌定不起诉制度的出罪效能,应明确制度适用对象为涉嫌轻微犯罪而非犯罪情节轻微的犯罪嫌疑人,将酌定不起诉的刑罚要件确定为3年有期徒刑以下刑罚宣告刑,并通过合法性与合理性两个层次决定酌定不起诉的适用。对可能判处1年有期徒刑以下刑罚的犯罪嫌疑人适用“积极起诉便宜原则”,对可能判处超过1年有期徒刑刑罚的犯罪嫌疑人适用“消极起诉便宜原则”。同时,赋予检察官酌定不起诉决策机制选择权,引导检察官联席会议回归咨询性功能。As the main pretrial decriminalization mechanism,the discretionary non-prosecution has not been fully effectuated.The main reason is that the legislation is not clear enough on the conditions for the application of discretionary non-prosecution,in addition,the application of the mechanism is faced with a relatively complicated internal approval process.On the purpose of realizing the effectiveness of discretionary non-prosecution,it should be clarified that the mechanism is applicable to the accused suspected of minor crimes rather than those with legally exonerating circumstances.Furthermore,discretionary non-prosecution should be applied to the accused with a maximum 3-year sentence.Before deciding not to charge,prosecutors should follow a two-stage analysis,first evaluating the sufficiency of evidence,then determining the necessity of prosecution.The active principle of prosecutorial discretion should apply to cases with a maximum penalty of 1 year,while the passive principle should govern cases potentially punishable by over 1 year of imprisonment.At meantime,procurators should be given the right to choose the decision-making mechanism for non-prosecution,and the joint conference of prosecutors should return to its advisory function.

关 键 词：酌定不起诉 公诉裁量 裁量出罪 程序出罪 起诉必要性 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D924.3[政治法律—法学]