Variation of flammability and smoke toxicity of upholstered furniture composites with fire retardant treatment  

作　　者：Jacob A Lane T Richard Hull 

机构地区：[1]Centre for Fire and Hazard Science,University of Central Lancashire,Preston,PR12HE,UK

出　　处：《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》2024年第35期140-151,共12页材料科学技术(英文版)

基　　金：support from Innovate UK and Silentnight Group Ltd for provision of funding for a Knowledge Transfer Partnership(No.KTP 011934);We are also very grateful to Katarina Handlovicova and Dr Nicola Jones for their help with sample preparation and analysis.

摘　　要：Since the 1980s,mass market upholstered furniture sold in the United Kingdom has incorporated flame retardant chemicals to meet regulatory flammability requirements.However,UK fire deaths remain com-parable with similar European countries which have no such regulations.Quantitative measures of the effect that different chemical flame retardants additives have on the flammability and smoke toxicity of UK regulatory-compliant upholstered furniture remain limited.It has been shown that most fatal fires in-volve upholstered furniture;most fire deaths result from toxic gas inhalation;gas phase flame retardants increase the toxicity of smoke;and the fall in fire deaths over the last 30 years is the same in countries with and without furniture flammability regulations.Moreover,the presence of certain flame retardants in furniture is a significant obstacle to any meaningful end-of-life processing.The burning behaviour and smoke toxicity of nine upholstered furniture composites using a range of flame retardant technologies were assessed in the cone calorimeter.The total heat release(THR)varied from 46 MJ m^(−2) to 68 MJ m^(−2),the time-to-ignition(tti)from 8 s to 105 s,and peak heat release rate(pHRR)from 230 kW m^(−2) to 430 kW m^(−2).The composite filled with PET showed the longest tti while the expandable graphite fabric on the FR-foam showed the lowest pHRR.The composite with the Br-FR fabric and the FR-foam had the shortest tti,the greatest smoke,the second highest CO and the highest HCN yield.The composite with the non-FR fabric and the PET filling had the longest tti.For all the fabrics,the transition from non-FR to FR foam resulted in significant increases in the smoke,CO and HCN,except CO of Br-FR and FR-foam was slightly lower than non-FR foam.Smoke toxicity predictions show that the use of gas phase flame retardants in both the fabrics and fillings of upholstered furniture contributes to the high proportion of smoke-related fire casualties.The work shows that the smoke toxicity of upholstered furniture

关 键 词：Upholstery FURNITURE FLAMMABILITY Flame retardant TOXICITY 

分 类 号：TB3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]