麦类作物功能活性多肽Lunasin研究进展  

Research Progress of Functional Bioactive Peptide Lunasin in Triticeae Crop

作　　者：郝宇琼 任贵兴[1] HAO Yuqiong;REN Guixing(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2025年第2期18-25,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划自由探索类面上基金(202303021221098);山西农业大学高层次人才启动项目(2023BQ110)。

摘　　要：Lunasin是一种最初从大豆中分离得到的小分子生物活性肽,其序列上包含精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸细胞黏着模体(RGD)、α-螺旋结构以及C端的9个天冬氨酸残基(Poly-D),因其特殊的序列结构而发挥多种生物学功能。目前,Lunasin多肽的生产合成主要包括从天然原料中分离提取、根据氨基酸序列进行固相合成和利用生物体自身表达系统合成生产3种方式。Lunasin多肽虽然具有很好的应用潜力,但是在天然原料如小麦等作物中含量较低且提取成本较高。因此,解析Lunasin多肽天然合成的分子机制并提高其生产效率变得尤为重要。文章结合目前研究进展,总结归纳了Lunasin及其结构类似多肽在小麦、大麦以及燕麦等麦类作物中的含量,列举了现阶段Lunasin多肽的提取、分离、纯化和质谱鉴定技术;结合其序列结构特点详细总结了Lunasin多肽的生理功能,包括抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、降胆固醇、抗肥胖等;最后归纳总结了生物合成Lunasin多肽的方法,如大肠杆菌底盘细胞原核表达和酵母底盘细胞真核表达等,并对小麦Lunasin多肽合成的分子机制、相关QTL位点的鉴定等研究方向进行了展望。Lunasin,a small molecule bioactive peptide,was initially isolated from soybean.Lunasin peptide exhibited multiple activities based on its specially structure,which consists of arginine-glycine-aspartate cell adhesion motif(RGD),α-helix structure,and nine C-terminal aspartate residues(Poly-D).At present,lunasin production mainly includes three approaches of isolation from natural raw materials,solid-phase synthesis according to amino acid sequence,and biosynthesis via organism's expression system.Although Lunasin has great application potential,its content in natural materials such as wheat is low,resulting into high cost in extraction.It is particularly important to explore the molecular mechanism of Lunasin synthesis,and to improve the production efficiency.In this review,integrating recent research progresses,the contents of Lunasin and its structurally similar peptides in the triticeae crops such as wheat,barley,and oat were summarized.Furthermore,the technology of Lunasin extraction,separation,purification,and identification by mass spectrometry were listed.Besides,the physiological functions of Lunasin including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anticancer,cholesterollowering,and anti-obesity were summarized in detail based on its specific structure characteristics.Finally,the methods of Lunasin biosynthesis were summarized such as prokaryotic expression in Escherichia coli chassis and eukaryotic expression in yeast chassis.And the research direction including the molecular mechanism associated with Lunasin synthesis in wheat and the identification of QTL sites were prospected.

关 键 词：Lunasin 生物活性 分离纯化 生产合成 基因工程 遗传基础 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]