HRV和TRIMP在中长跑运动员亚高原训练期间的科学应用  

Scientific Application of HRV and TRIMP During Moderate Altitude Training in Middle-distance Runners

作　　者：杜维平 郭智喆 陈鹏 周建华 韩松年 DU Weiping;GUO Zhizhe;CHEN Peng;ZHOU Jianhua;HAN Songnian(School of Sports,Ningxia Normal University,Guyuan 756099,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏师范大学体育学院,宁夏固原756099

出　　处：《体育科研》2025年第2期58-63,共6页Sport Science Research

基　　金：宁夏师范大学本科教学项目资助(NJYZYGGK2418);宁夏自然科学基金项目资助(2023AAC03349)。

摘　　要：探究自主神经对亚高原环境和运动负荷的适应。方法:以13名中长跑运动员为研究对象,在海拔1770 m的亚高原进行6周训练,应用训练冲量(TRIMP)监控运动负荷,并检测训练期间的心率变异性(HRV)指标。结果:①与第1周相比,TRIMP值在亚高原第4周、第6周显著性上升(P<0.01)。②HRV指标与基线数据相比,R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、相邻R-R间期差的均方根(RMSSD)在亚高原第1周显著性下降(P<0.05),低频输出功率的均值(LF)、低频输出功率的均值/高频输出功率的均值(LF/HF)显著性上升,(P<0.05);与第1周相比:RMSSD在第3周显著性上升(P<0.01),LF在第3周显著性下降(P<0.01),LF/HF在第3周、第6周显著性下降(P<0.05);与第3周相比较:RMSSD、高频输出功率的均值(HF)在第4周显著性下降(P<0.05);LF/HF在第4周显著性上升(P<0.05);与第4周相比:HF在第6周显著性上升,(P<0.01),LF/HF在第6周显著性下降(P<0.01),SD2在6周亚高原训练期间的变化无统计学意义。结论:亚高原训练初期,运动员的交感神经活性增强,造成自主神经失衡,但在2周后有所改善;中期增加运动负荷并进行调整性恢复,迷走神经活性会有明显增强,有助于更好应对运动负荷。To investigate autonomic adaptation to subalpine environment and exercise load.Methods:Thirteen middle-distance runners were studied and trained for 6 weeks in a subalpine plateau at an altitude of 1,770 m.TRIMP was applied to monitor the exercise load and to detect HRV indexes during the training period.Results:①Compared with week 1,TRIMP values increased significantly at week 4 and week 6 in the subalpine(P<0.01);②Compared with baseline data,HRV indexes showed a significant decrease in SDNN and RMSSD at week 1 in the subalpine(P<0.05);and LF and LF/HF increased significantly at week 1(P<0.05);compared with week 1:RMSSD increased significantly in week 3(P<0.01),LF decreased significantly in week 3(P<0.01),LF/HF decreased significantly in weeks 3 and 6(P<0.05);compared to week 3:RMSSD,HF decreased significantly in week 4,(P<0.05);LF/HF increased significantly in week 4(P<0.05);compared to week 4:HF significantly increased at week 6(P<0.01),LF/HF significantly decreased at week 6(P<0.01),and SD2 changes during the 6-week subaltern training period are not statistically significant.Conclusion:In the initial phase of sub-plateau training,athletes experience an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity,leading to autonomic nervous system imbalance;however,this improves after two weeks.During the mid-phase,increasing exercise load and implementing adaptive recovery significantly enhances vagus nerve activity,which helps better cope with exercise demands.

关 键 词：亚高原 中长跑 TRIMP HRV 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]