19―20世纪东南亚种植园的兴衰过程及构建模式  

The Rise and Fall of Plantations in Southeast Asia during the 19th-20th Century and Their Operation Patterns

作　　者：陈茜[1,2] 李灿松 黄宇[4] Chen Xi;Li Cansong;Huang Yu(Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China;Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences,Kunming 650100,China;Southwest United Graduate School,Kunming 650092,China;State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学地理学部,昆明650500 [2]中国(昆明)南亚东南亚研究院云南省社会科学院,昆明650100 [3]西南联合研究生院,昆明650092 [4]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《热带地理》2025年第3期477-488,共12页Tropical Geography

基　　金：云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2023CX02);云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才项目(202105AC160059);国家自然科学基金项目(42101231)。

摘　　要：盛极一时的种植园是东南亚殖民史中不可磨灭的部分,后殖民时期,学界持续关注殖民主义对前殖民地国家带来的长期影响。因此,有必要对历史遗留问题以及当代国际合作中潜在的风险进行分析和反思。为推进后殖民时期中国海外农业合作区的建设,从人文地理学视角出发,以资本批判理论为指导,建立殖民主义的空间争夺理论框架,以殖民主义为背景,梳理了东南亚种植园兴衰过程的阶段性特点,并详细分析了种植园的构建模式。研究发现:1)随着殖民活动的深入和扩展,殖民者在东南亚的空间争夺焦点由单一的物质资源转向更为广泛和复杂的物质及非物质资源,建立种植园是殖民者保持自身支配地位的有效手段;2)种植园的构建充斥着殖民政权对殖民地土地、劳动力、国际市场资源的争夺,每一种资源的争夺都形成相应的权力空间关系;3)种植园促进了殖民者对当地社会的渗透,殖民者对东南亚国家的形塑作用,使得殖民地社会的运行全面服务于殖民政权的资本积累,巩固了殖民者的统治地位。In the early 16th century,Portugal was the first country to colonize Southeast Asia.In the 19th century,colonizers introduced a system of forced cultivation in the archipelagic countries of Southeast Asia,establishing plantations to grow specific crops for the needs of the host countries and the international market,with the intention of turning Southeast Asia into a raw material source and market for product dumping.The huge profits from the plantations were channeled back to the host countries,reinforcing the colonial system.With the deepening of colonization,plantations expanded from archipelagic to peninsular countries,and the sovereign state not only controlled the lifeblood of the colonial agricultural economy but also had a sustained and far-reaching impact on the formation and development of the local agricultural pattern.Post-World War II,Southeast Asia formed a pattern of agricultural types in which gatherers,fishers,hunters,nomadic farmers,small farmers,plantations and farms,settlement farmers,and agricultural cooperatives(groups)coexisted.Compared with the other types,plantations created by external forces developed extremely quickly,with high production levels and economic value,but had a relatively short history.In the 1930s,the global colonial system collapsed,plantations lost the support of the colonial regime and declined,and Southeast Asian agriculture was transformed into a smallholder economy.Plantations were an indelible part of Southeast Asia's colonial history.In the post-colonial period,scholarly attention continued to focus on the long-term effects of colonialism on formerly colonized countries.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze and reflect on the historical legacy as well as the potential risks in contemporary international cooperation.To promote the construction of China's overseas agricultural cooperation zones in the post-colonial period,this study begins with a human geography perspective,takes the critical theory of capital as a guide,establishes the theoretical framework of the s

关 键 词：政治地理 权力空间 殖民主义 东南亚种植园 

分 类 号：K904.1[历史地理—人文地理学]