飞挽续命:宋代货运的速度  

Maintaining the Lifeline through Rapid Transportation:The Velocity of Freight Logistics in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：程民生[1] Cheng Minsheng

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院,开封475001

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期78-88,180,共12页Journal of East China Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：运输速度是衡量运输效率的重要指标之一,在外患频繁的宋朝,军需运输速度显得尤为重要。宋廷高度重视运输速度,对官方运输的劳力队伍予以彻底更新,优化了运输行程,规定了运输速度及奖惩。唐宋政府规定的运输的速度标准低于西汉,但在实际活动中车载军需的规定速度不但超出最低标准,也远超西汉的速度。战时、平时边防地区运输军需仍是民众最沉重、最危险的劳役,付出的劳动和代价远超农业生产。宋代没有建立起一套快速有效的军需物资运输体系,运输成为制约宋代军事行动的核心瓶颈之一。这一困境本质上并非技术装备限制,而是权力运行机制与管理调度的能力滞后所致,折射出传统宋代后勤体系在战争压力下的制度局限。Transport speed serves as a crucial indicator for evaluating transportation efficiency.During the Song Dynasty,which faced frequent external threats,the velocity of military supply transportation held particular significance.The Song government prioritized transport efficiency by comprehensively overhauling official labor teams,optimizing delivery routes,and instituting speed regulations accompanied by corresponding reward-punishment mechanisms.Although the transport speed standards established by the Tang and Song governments were lower than those in the Western Han Dynasty,the actual recorded speeds for cart-transported military supplies not only strongly exceeded minimum requirements but also surpassed the benchmarks set during the Western Han period.During wartime or in border defense areas in peacetime,transporting military supplies remained the most arduous and perilous labor duty for the common people,with the labor and cost involved far exceeding those required for agricultural production.The Song Dynasty failed to establish an efficient military logistics system,rendering transportation a critical bottleneck that constrained military operations.This predicament stemmed not from technological limitations but rather from systemic deficiencies in power mechanisms and management coordination,revealing institutional constraints within traditional Song logistical systems under wartime pressures.

关 键 词：宋代 速度 货运 军需 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]