想象竞合犯处断原则的反思与重构  

Reflection and Reconstruction of the Disposal Principle of Imaginative Joinder of Offenses

作　　者：陈劲阳[1] 吴宣 Chen Jinyang;Wu Xuan(Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《警学研究》2024年第6期85-95,共11页Police Science Research

摘　　要：想象竞合犯,是指一行为触犯数罪,需要犯罪构成评价数次的情况。各学说的争议焦点在于想象竞合犯的罪数本质,但学说内部存在着罪数本质和处断原则不对应的情况,使得罪数本质无法为想象竞合犯的处断提供依据。其本质原因在于对罪数论中罪数本质概念功能的误解,从而在罪、刑线性关系思想的影响下,缺失处断依据的考察。想象竞合犯的处断依据在于量刑情节的重复,包括影响量刑的不法要素的重复和影响特殊预防的量刑要素的重复。数罪并罚原则是达成罪刑均衡的最优策略,并能带来诉讼经济上的最优效益。当影响量刑的不法要素重合时,适用吸收原则;当特殊预防的量刑要素重合时,在轻罪的基准刑上减少,减少后的轻罪刑罚与重罪刑罚进行数罪并罚。An imaginative joinder of offenses refers to a situation where one act violates several crimes and requires several evaluations of the constitutive elements of crimes.The focus of controversy among various theories lies in the essential nature of the number of crimes in the case of an imaginative joinder of offenses.There is a situation where the essential nature of the number of crimes does not correspond to the disposal principle,making it impossible for the essential nature of the number of crimes to provide a basis for the disposal of an imaginative joinder of offenses.The essential reason lies in the misunderstanding of the functional concept of the essence of the number of crimes in the theory of the number of crimes.Consequently,under the influence of the idea of the linear relationship between crimes and punishments,the examination of the basis for adjudication is lacking.The basis for the adjudication of an imaginative joinder of offenses lies in the duplication of sentencing circumstances,including the illegal elements that affect sentencing and the sentencing elements that affect special prevention.The principle of concurrent punishment for several crimes is the optimal strategy to achieve the balance between crimes and punishments and obtain the optimal benefits in terms of litigation economy.When the illegal elements affecting sentencing overlap,the absorption principle shall be applied;when the sentencing elements for special prevention overlap,the basic penalty for the lesser crime shall be reduced,and concurrent punishment for several crimes shall be carried out between the penalty for the lesser crime and that for the heavier crime.

关 键 词：罪数本质 想象竞合犯 从一重罪处断 从一重重处断 数罪并罚 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]