进所业于朝:宋代进卷的源流与传播  

Submitting Essays to the Imperial Court:The Origins and Spread of Jin Juan in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：张弛[1] Zhang Chi

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学南宋古都研究院,杭州310014

出　　处：《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期23-31,共9页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“北宋中后期学校制度变革与文学研究”(23CZW018)。

摘　　要：从制度发展史的角度看,宋代进卷应当渊源自唐代科举考前所纳“公卷”,而非私下呈递的行卷,宋人一般将这种进卷行为称为“进所业”。在宋代科举兴盛的背景下,进卷被应用于制科、馆职、学官试、词科试中,成为宋代官员选任的重要环节。宋代进卷承袭唐代公卷的著述性质,秉持以臣事君的写作姿态,往往以系列策论文的形式呈现,意在自陈政见。宋代进卷在以专集文本形态流传的同时,还会被拆解收录入文章选本,从现存文章选本中可复原出零散的篇章。同时,文章选本的单篇采择消解了进卷文章的原始写作语境,对技术性写作经验的强调掩盖了进卷文本背后隐藏的微言大义。宋代进卷产生、演变与流传的全过程,反映出科举制度对士大夫写作的引导和规训。From the perspective of the development history of the imperial examination system,“Jin Juan”进卷of the Song Dynasty should originate from“Gong Juan”公卷collected before the imperial examination of the Tang Dynasty,rather than the privately submitted“Xing Juan”行卷.People of Song Dynasty generally referred to this“Jin Juan”preactice as“Submitting Essays to the Imperial Court”进所业.Under the background of the flourishing imperial examination system in the Song Dynasty,“Jin Juan”was applied in special examinations,appointments to academic and official positions,and literary exams,ultimately becoming a crucial step in the appointment of officials in the Song Dynasty.The“Jin Juan”practice in the Song Dynasty inherited the scholastic nature of the“Gong Juan”公卷of the Tang Dynasty,adhering to a writing posture of serving the ruler and taking the form of a series of policy essays intended to present one’s political views.While some Song Dynasty“Jin Juan”circulated in the form of collected works,they were also broken down and included in anthologies of selected writings.From the surviving anthologies,scattered essays from the“Jin Juan”articles can be reconstructed.At the same time,the selection of individual articles into the anthologies obscures the original rhetorical context of the“Jin Juan”articles,emphasizing the technical writing experience and covering up the moral and political significance embedded in the“Jin Juan”texts.In summary,the entire process of the generation,evolution,and transmission of the“Jin Juan”in the Song Dynasty reflects the shaping and discipline of the writing practices of scholars and officials by the imperial examination system.

关 键 词：进所业 进卷 公卷 宋代科举 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]