刘歆的宇宙论与经学变古  

The Transformation of Liu Xin’s Cosmology and the Evolution of Classical Studies

作　　者：刘禹彤 Liu Yutong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史研究所 [2]中国社会科学院中国思想史研究中心,北京100101

出　　处：《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期138-146,共9页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：刘歆将宇宙时间(天时)的开端追溯到太极上元,文明时间(人时)的开端追溯到伏羲画卦。三统历测定天时,五德终始规定人时,“三五相包”搭建了刘歆宇宙论的基本结构。《春秋》三统论经刘歆改造为一种范围宇宙的方法论,不仅能据以制作律、历、度、量、衡,还可将古今朝代统系到以太极上元为起点和终点的时间循环中。此外,刘歆以五行相生之序梳理伏羲以降的帝王谱系,同时以帝德谱构成王官学的谱系,奠定了古文经学以历代王官学定义经学的思想转向。在刘歆的筹划中,三统与五德相包,天时与人时合一,不仅革新了汉代“天人合一”思想,也实现历史时间的万世一统,塑造了汉代新“大一统”观。在刘歆之后,古文经学拥有了系统的经学观和宇宙论。Liu Xin刘歆traces the beginning of cosmic time back to the Taiji Shangyuan太极上元,and the beginning of civilized time back to Fuxi’s伏羲drawing of the trigrams.Cosmic time is entrusted to the theory of the Three Systems三统,and civilized time is carried by the Five Virtues五德.The“Three and Five are interwoven”三五相包to construct the basic structure of Liu Xin’s cosmology.The theory of the Three Systems in the Spring and Autumn Annals春秋was transformed by Liu Xin into a methodological approach to the universe,which could not only be used to create laws,calendars,measurements,weights and standards,but also to integrate dynasties into a cyclical time structure starting and ending with Taiji Shangyuan.In addition,Liu Xin uses the order of the Five Elements五行to sort out the imperial genealogy since Fuxi,and at the same time forms the genealogy of the royal scholars王官学,laying the foundation for the Guwen古文classical studies to take the studies of the royal scholars across dynasties as the classics.In Liu Xin’s plan,the Three Systems and the Five Virtues are interconnected,and the cosmic time and the civilized time were unified.This not only innovated the Han Dynasty’s“unity of heaven and man”ideology,but also achieved a unified historical time across all ages,shaping the Han Dynasty’s new vision of“great unity”大一统.After Liu Xin,the Guwen classical studies possessed a systematic view of both the classics and cosmology.

关 键 词：刘歆 三统 五德 天人合一 大一统 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]