牛养殖环境中抗生素残留及其耐药性的分布和传播  

Distribution and spread of antibiotic residues and the resistance in cattle breeding environment

作　　者：冯静静 刘柳 孙喆 强志民[2,3] 王洪波 贲伟伟[2] FENG Jingjing;LIU Liu;SUN Zhe;QIANG Zhimin;WANG Hongbo;BEN Weiwei(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101;State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学,市政与环境工程学院,济南250101 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100085 [3]上海交通大学,环境科学与工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2025年第3期306-314,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.52091545)。

摘　　要：以牛养殖场为例,采用UPLC-MS/MS技术分析了养殖废弃物及其处理、排放流程中抗生素的残留情况,并通过16S rRNA基因测序与宏基因组测序技术分析了牛场内外微生物群落和抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的多介质分布情况.结果表明,磺胺类、四环素类抗生素在尿液及粪便中均被检出,分别为188.4(OTC)~536.0(STZ)ng·L^(-1)和10.7(TCN)~86.1(SMN)ng·g^(-1),厌氧消化、堆肥等污废处理工艺并不能完全去除残留的抗生素;Firmicutes、Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes是各样品的优势菌门,检出的致病菌属包括Acinetobacter、Pseudomonas、Flavobacterium、Corynebacterium等,相关性分析表明场内微生物群落对场外环境的微生物组成具有重要影响;此外,在尿液与湿地样品中共检测出70种ARGs,尿液中ARGs的种类与丰度均高于湿地,同时一些致病菌(Acinetobacter、Arcobacter、Flavobacterium、Pseudomonas)对部分ARGs具有贡献.Taking a cattle farm as an example,this study utilized UPLC-MS/MS technology to analyze antibiotic residues in breeding wastes and the treatment and discharge processes.In addition,16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing were employed to examine the multimedia distribution of microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)both inside and outside the farm.The results indicated that the residual concentrations of sulfonamides and tetracyclines in urine and feces ranged from 188.4(OTC)to 536.0(STZ)ng·L^(-1)and from 10.7(TCN)to 86.1(SMN)ng·g^(-1),respectively.Notably,anaerobic digestion,composting,and other sewage treatment processes were unable to completely remove these residual antibiotics.The dominant bacterial phyla detected included Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Bacteroidetes,with pathogenic bacteria such as Acinetobacter,Pseudomonas,Flavobacterium,and Corynebacterium also identified.Correlation analysis revealed that the microbial community in the farm significantly influenced the microbial composition of the surrounding environment.Moreover,a total of 70 ARGs were detected in urine and wetland samples,with a higher species richness and abundance of ARGs in urine compared to wetland samples.Some pathogenic bacteria(Acinetobacter,Arcobacter,Flavobacterium,Pseudomonas)were found to contribute to certain ARGs.

关 键 词：养殖场 抗生素 致病菌 抗生素抗性基因 分布 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]