大型溞生长繁殖及抗氧化系统对含氟微纳米塑料胁迫的响应  

Growth and reproduction and antioxidant system of Daphnia magna in response to micro-and nanoplastic stresses

作　　者：金一凡 刘胤仪 吴迪 谢大笑 郭沛涌 JIN Yifan;LIU Yinyi;WU Di;XIE Daxiao;GUO Peiyong(Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,College of Chemical Engineering,Huaqiao University,Xiamen 361021)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学化工学院环境科学与工程系,厦门361021

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2025年第3期471-484,共14页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.42377407);厦门市自然科学基金(No.3502Z202373047)。

摘　　要：为探讨含氟微纳米塑料对水生生物生长的影响机制,以大型溞为实验对象,选取含氟微纳米塑料偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为代表,研究大型溞生长、繁殖及抗氧化系统对不同浓度、不同粒径含氟微纳米塑料胁迫的响应,为进一步揭示含氟微纳米塑料对水体环境的毒性效应及生态风险提供科学依据.结果表明:①大型溞生长对PVDF微、纳米塑料的胁迫响应不同,PVDF纳米颗粒对大型溞的毒性要高于微米颗粒.PTFE相较于PVDF具有更强的毒性效应与生长抑制作用,其中,微米颗粒的生长抑制作用要强于纳米颗粒.低浓度范围内,复合纳米塑料的抑制率更高;高浓度范围内,复合微塑料的抑制率更高.②大型溞暴露在微纳米塑料21 d后,首次产溞时间较对照组都延后,首次产溞数和21 d平均产溞数都减少,平均蜕皮数增加.PVDF和PTFE纳米塑料较微塑料对大型溞慢性毒性较强,PTFE较PVDF对大型溞的生长繁殖影响较大.③PVDF和PTFE微纳米塑料对大型溞过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量影响各不相同.To investigate the mechanisms of fluorinated micro-and nano-plastics'effects on the growth of aquatic organisms,this study uses Daphnia magna as the experimental subject,focusing on polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)as representatives of fluorinated micro-(nano)plastics.We examined the responses of Daphnia magna's growth,reproduction,and antioxidative system to various concentrations and particle sizes of fluorinated micro-and nano-plastics,aiming to reveal the toxic effects and ecological risks of fluorinated micro-and nano-plastics in aquatic environments.The results are as follows:①Daphnia magna's growth exhibited different responses to the stress of PVDF micro-and nanoplastics;nano-sized PVDF particles were more toxic than their micro-sized counterparts.Compared to PVDF,PTFE showed stronger toxicity and growth inhibition effects,with micro-sized particles exerting more pronounced growth inhibition than nano-sized particles.At lower concentrations,composite nano-plastics showed higher inhibition rates;at higher concentrations,composite micro-plastics showed higher inhibition rates.②After 21 days of exposure to micro-and nano-plastics,the first reproduction time in Daphnia magna was delayed compared to controls,with a decrease in both the number of offspring produced at first reproduction and the average number of offspring over 21 days,and an increase in the number of molts.Chronic toxicity from PVDF and PTFE nano-plastics was stronger than their micro-sized equivalents,with PTFE having a more significant impact on the growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna than PVDF.③The effects of PVDF and PTFE micro-and nano-plastics on the antioxidative enzymes of Daphnia magna,including catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and the content of reduced glutathione(GSH),varied.

关 键 词：大型溞 微塑料 纳米塑料 抑制作用 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]