膳食营养素养对社区老年人营养风险的影响研究  

Effect of dietary nutrition literacy on nutritional risk of elderly people in the community

作　　者：王晓琴[1] 方镇堃 吴晨凯 张妤[1] WANG Xiaoqin;FANG Zhenkun;WU Chenkai;ZHANG Yu(Fenglin Street Community Health Service Center,Xuhui District,Shanghai 200030,China;Health Research Center,Duke Kunshan University Global,Suzhou 215316,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市徐汇区枫林街道社区卫生服务中心,上海市200030 [2]昆山杜克大学全球健康研究中心,江苏省苏州市215316

出　　处：《实用老年医学》2025年第3期290-293,共4页Practical Geriatrics

基　　金：上海市徐汇区科委基金项目(SHXH202107);上海市徐汇区高原学科建设(SHXH ZD XK202325)。

摘　　要：目的探究膳食营养素养对社区老年人营养风险的影响。方法选取2022年4月至2023年12月上海市徐汇区枫林街道社区卫生服务中心住院的老年人及家庭病床病人118例作为研究对象。在获取知情同意后,由参加过专业培训的工作人员采用膳食营养调查问卷及营养风险筛查量表进行现场调查。结果存在营养风险老年人与无营养风险老年人比较,年龄、BMI、受教育水平和基础疾病等差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),膳食宝塔知晓情况差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),营养均衡重要性、自身营养状况、认为营养指导的重要性、是否愿意参与社区开展营养干预等指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示知晓膳食宝塔和满意自身营养状况都是营养风险发生的保护因素。结论膳食营养素养对社区老年人营养风险有着至关重要的影响,未来仍需积极开展老年人的营养知识健康教育。Objective To investigate the association between dietary nutrition literacy and the nutritional risk among community-dwelling elderly adults.Methods A total of 118 elderly patients hospitalized at the community health service center and those receiving home care from April 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled in this study.After obtaining informed consent,the trained staffs conducted on-site surveys using dietary nutrition questionnaires and nutritional risk screening scales.Results There were no statistically significant differences in age,body mass index,education level,chronic conditions,the proportion of concerning the importance of balanced nutrition,self-perceived nutritional status,perceived importance of nutritional guidance,and willingness to participate in community-based nutritional interventions(all P>0.05),while there were significant differences in the proportion of awareness of the Dietary Guidelines Pyramid(P<0.01)between the elderly adults with nutritional risk and those without.Logistic regression analysis showed that being aware of the Dietary Guidelines Pyramid and being satisfied with one’s own nutrition status were the protective factors of nutritional risk among community-dwelling elderly adults.Conclusions Dietary nutrition literacy has a crucial impact on the nutritional risk among community-dwelling elderly adults.It is necessary to actively carry out health education on nutrition knowledge for the elderly in the future.

关 键 词：膳食营养 老年人 营养风险 膳食宝塔 营养干预 影响因素 

分 类 号：R591[医药卫生—内科学]