单塔斜拉桥在船舶撞击下动力响应及防撞设计  

Dynamic Response of Single-Tower Cable-Stayed Bridge Under Ship Impact and Corresponding Anti-Collision Design

作　　者：田力[1,2] 张晗奇[1] Tian Li;Zhang Hanqi(School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safety of Ministry of Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300350 [2]滨海土木工程结构与安全教育部重点实验室(天津大学),天津300350

出　　处：《天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版)》2025年第4期343-356,共14页Journal of Tianjin University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51178310,52078333).

摘　　要：首先,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件建立船-桥碰撞有限元模型,以附加质量模型考虑流体效应,利用落锤冲击试验验证了撞击作用下混凝土本构模型的有效性.其次,开展了不同撞击角度、不同船舶航速下船舶高速撞击斜拉桥桥塔数值模拟,分析了桥塔损伤、碰撞力、桥塔位移、桥面位移、索力变化等方面的差异,并将碰撞力与国内外规范公式进行对比分析.再次,研究了30.0节(1节=0.5144 m/s)船速下桥塔瞬时倒塌过程及桥塔受损后持续荷载作用下倒塌机理.最后,为桥塔设计一种以FRP和橡胶为主要材料的防撞装置,模拟分析其在降低桥塔动力响应方面的防撞效果.结果表明:当船舶以高速撞击斜拉桥桥塔时,船桥碰撞整体动力响应随撞击角度和船舶航速增大而增大;采用一些国内外规范中的碰撞力公式偏于不安全;船桥碰撞后斜拉索索力迅速增大,靠近桥塔处索力变化率最大;船速为30.0节时,桥塔在碰撞后发生桥塔肢腿错位断裂的倒塌;船速为25.0节时,塔柱已有较大损伤破口,桥塔在遭受船舶碰撞后向碰撞侧倾斜,在重力及桥面荷载的持续作用下桥塔侧向位移逐渐增大而发生桥塔倒塌;设计的防撞装置能有效避免桥塔损伤,能削减碰撞力峰值、塔顶侧向位移、桥面位移及桥塔能量,同时保护斜拉桥与船舶.First,based on the finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA,the finite element model of ship-bridge collision was established with the fluid effect being taken into account by an additional mass model,and the validity of the concrete constitutive model under impact was verified by a drop hammer impact test.Second,numerical simulations of a cable-stayed bridge under the impact of a ship at different impact angles and different ship speeds were carried out,so to analyze the differences in changes in the bridge tower damage,collision force,bridge tower displacement,bridge deck displacement and cable force.In addition,the simulated value of collision force was compared with those calculated using the standard formulas both at home and abroad.Third,the instantaneous collapse process of the bridge tower at a ship speed of 30.0 knots(1 knot=0.5144 m/s)and the collapse mechanism under long-term load after the bridge tower damage were studied.Finally,an anti-collision device with FRP and rubber as its main materials was designed for the bridge tower,thus simulating its anti-collision effect from the perspective of reducing the dynamic response of the bridge tower.Results show that when the ship collides with the cable-stayed bridge tower at high speeds,the overall dynamic response of ship-bridge collision will increase with both the growing impact angle and the growing ship speed.The values of collision force calculated using the standard formulas both at home and abroad are inclined to be unsafe.The cable force will rapidly go up after the ship-bridge collision,and its rate of change near the bridge tower is the largest.At a ship speed of 30.0 knots,the bridge tower will collapse after the collision,with its leg being misaligned at the impact point.In comparison,the tower column will have significant damage and openings at a ship speed of 25.0 knots,and the bridge tower tends to tilt towards the impact side after the collision.Under the continuous action of gravity and bridge deck load,the lateral displacement of the bridge

关 键 词：船-桥碰撞 数值模拟 附加质量 动力响应 防撞装置 

分 类 号：U443.26[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]