中西会通与现代汉语“文学”概念的形成  

The Integration of Chinese and Western Thoughts and the Formation of the Concept of "Literature"in Chinese

作　　者：高玉[1] GAO Yu(College of Humanities,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期130-141,共12页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“语言变革与中国现当代文学发展”(16ZDA190)。

摘　　要：在中国传统的“四部”图书分类之下不可能有“文学”概念,中国古代没有把诗、词、小说、戏曲等统一起来的概念。现代“文学”是从西方通过日译的中介而进入中国的,它本质上是西方知识体系分类的产物。作为语言艺术的“文学”即西方“literature”从输入中国到内涵相对固定并广泛地流通从而成为现代汉语概念是一个复杂的过程,大致经历了三个阶段:作为词语的输入;与中国古代文学、古代文论的“文章”观合流从而形成能够包容并言说中国古代文学和文论的近代概念;以新文学作为实践经验依据并吸收古代文学和文论因素从而建立的现代“文学”概念。西方“文学”概念在中国的接受实际上是“双向互动”关系,一方面深刻地影响中国人对文学的理解与认识从而改变中国人的观念并建立现代“文学”概念,另一方面它在被接受的过程中又深受中国文化和文学的影响从而变得中国化。Under the traditional Chinese bibliographic classification system known as the"Four Categories",the concept of"literature"could not exist,as ancient China did not have a unified notion encompassing poetry,ci(lyric poetry),novels,and op-eratic dramas.The modern concept of"literature"entered China through Japanese translations of Western works,essentially emer-ging as a product of the Western knowledge system's categorization.The process by which"literature",understood as a form of lan-guage art corresponding to the Western term,was introduced into China,developed a relatively fixed meaning,and gained wide-spread acceptance as a modern Chinese concept is complex.It unfolded in three main stages:first,the introduction of the term it-self;second,its convergence with the ancient Chinese concept of"prose"from classical literature and literary theory,forming a modern concept that could encompass and discuss both ancient Chinese literature and literary theory;and third,the establishment of the contemporary concept of"literature",based on practical experiences from the New Literature movement while incorporating ele-ments from ancient literature and literary theory.The reception of the Western concept of"literature"in China represents a"two-way interaction".On one hand,it profoundly influenced the Chinese understanding and perception of literature,transforming tradi-tional concepts and establishing the modern idea of"literature".On the other hand,during its acceptance,it was significantly shaped by Chinese culture and literature,leading to its sinicization.

关 键 词：“文学”概念 文科 中西会通 文字与文章之学 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]