活体器官捐献供体的人格权保护  

Personality Rights Protection for Living Organ Donors

作　　者：陈星竹 唐义红 CHEN Xingzhu;TANG Yihong(Southwest Medical University,Luzhou,Sichuan 646000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南医科大学,四川泸州646000

出　　处：《医学与法学》2025年第2期14-24,共11页Medicine and Jurisprudence

基　　金：四川医事卫生法治研究中心-中国卫生法学会2022年度联合项目“活体器官移植供体权益保护研究”(项目编号:YF22-Y03)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：活体器官移植是救治器官衰竭患者的最有效手段,但活体器官捐献供体在物质性和精神性人格权上均存在受到损害的现象,其原因有立法缺乏针对性与严密性、知情同意制度不完善、器官买卖犯罪立法规制不严、人体器官来源有限、活体器官捐献的绝对无偿原则、供体自主性受限等。为更好地维护活体器官移植秩序,建议贯彻遗体器官捐献优先原则,允许通过交叉移植来保护供体的物质性人格权,优先考虑供体捐献的自主性,采取无条件体面退出原则,建立行业监督机制和捐献合理补偿机制来保护供体的精神性人格权。Living organ transplantation is the most effective way to treat patients with organ failure,but living organ donation donors are damaged in terms of both physical and spiritual personality rights.The reasons include lack of pertinence and strictness of legislation,imperfect informed consent system,lax legislative regulation of organ trafficking crime,limited source of human organs,absolute free principle of living organ donation,and restriction of donor autonomy.In order to better maintain the order of living organ transplantation,it is suggested to implement the priority principle of body organ donation,allow cross-transplantation to protect their material personality rights,give priority to the autonomy of donor donation,adopt the principle of unconditional dignified withdrawal,and establish an industry supervision mechanism and a reasonable compensation mechanism for donation to protect the spiritual personality rights of donors.

关 键 词：活体器官捐献 供体 民事权益 人格权 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生] D922.69[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]