含铀合果芋的腐解特性分析  

Characterization of Decay of Uranium-containing Syngonium podophyllum Schott

作　　者：张豪杰 陈宇翔 谭劲龙 邓钦文[1] 曾奕翔 ZHANG Haojie;CHEN Yuxiang;TAN Jinlong;DENG Qinwen;ZENG Yixiang(Key Discipline Laboratory of National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy,University of South China,Hengyang,Hunan 421001,China;Environmental Emergency and Accident Investigation Center of Hengyang Ecological and Environmental Bureau,Hengyang,Hunan 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学铀矿冶生物技术国防重点学科实验室,湖南衡阳421001 [2]衡阳市生态环境局环境应急与事故调查中心,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《南华大学学报(自然科学版)》2024年第6期11-18,共8页Journal of University of South China:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12275123);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2018JJ2330)。

摘　　要：采集修复含铀土壤后的合果芋,模拟其在自然环境下的腐解过程,分析其在腐解过程中的质量损失、铀释放以及对土壤环境的影响,同时分析其形貌特征、官能团和土壤微生物多样性的变化。结果显示,含铀合果芋残体经过128 d的腐解后,质量残留率为40.70%,铀总释放率为70.48%,合果芋的腐解影响了土壤环境,铀的存在抑制了合果芋的腐解。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱分析和微生物多样性分析发现:合果芋形态在腐解前后发生变化;木质素、半纤维素和纤维素的吸收峰强度有所减弱,代表其遭到降解;细菌中的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)以及真菌中的子囊菌门(Ascomycota)在分解合果芋植物残体中的木质素、半纤维素和纤维素过程中起着关键作用。这些研究表明,含铀的植物残体在凋亡期发生腐解,植物中的铀会释放到土壤中,造成周边环境的污染。The study collected Syngonium podophyllum Schott after remediation of uranium-containing soils,simulated its decay process in the natural environment,and analyzed its mass loss,uranium release,and impact on the soil environment during the decay process,as well as the changes in its morphological characteristics,functional groups and soil microbial diversity.The results showed that after 128 days of decomposition of uranium-containing Syngonium podophyllum Schott residues,the mass residue rate was 40.70%and the total uranium release rate was 70.48%,and the decomposition of Syngonium podophyllum Schott affected the soil environment,and the presence of uranium inhibited the decomposition of Syngonium podophyllum Schott.Scanning electron microscopy,infrared spectroscopy and microbial diversity analysis revealed:The morphology of Syngonium podophyllum Schott changed before and after decay;the intensity of the absorption peaks of lignin,hemicellulose and cellulose decreased,representing their degradation;Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and Bacteroidota among bacteria and Ascomycota among fungi play key roles in the decomposition of lignin,hemicellulose and cellulose in Syngonium podophyllum Schott residues.These studies have shown that uranium-containing plant residues undergo decay during the apoptosis phase,and the uranium in the plants is released into the soil,resulting in contamination of the surrounding environment.

关 键 词：铀 合果芋 腐解 官能团 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]