升力翼对高速列车非定常气动性能影响研究  

Study on Effect of Lift Wings on Unsteady Aerodynamic Performance of High-speed Trains

作　　者：徐古福 张继业[1] 李田[1] 兰洪 XU Gufu;ZHANG Jiye;LI Tian;LAN Hong(State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;The State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-power Electric Locomotive,CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou 412001,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]中车株洲电力机车有限公司重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室,湖南株洲412001

出　　处：《铁道学报》2025年第3期25-39,共15页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0710902);国家自然科学基金(12172308)。

摘　　要：为评估升力翼高速列车的可行性,基于列车空气动力学和车辆多体系统动力学,分析在明线无风及横风环境下,有无升力翼的高速列车非定常气动特性和动力学性能。采用改进的延迟分离涡数值模拟方法对有无翼高速列车的非定常气动特性、气动载荷时域及频域特性进行对比分析。将非定常气动载荷作为输入边界加载到列车系统动力学模型,探究有无翼高速列车的动力学响应特性和性能指标之间的差异。研究结果表明:无风及横风环境下,安装升力翼后列车周围流场涡结构发生明显变化;有无翼时,各车辆受到的气动载荷主频主要集中在0~10 Hz,与车辆悬挂模态对应的频率接近;明线无风下,尾车受到的侧力、侧滚力矩及摇头力矩幅值较大,使得尾车摇头更加明显,安装升力翼后各车辆的上浮量及轮重减载率明显增大;明线横风下,安装升力翼后,头车迎风侧的车轮减载量增加导致轮重减载率及倾覆系数增大,运行安全性恶化。To assess the feasibility of high-speed trains with lifting wings,this study analyzed the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics and dynamic performance of trains with and without lift wings in windless and crosswind conditions,using train aerodynamics and vehicle multibody system dynamics.The improved delayed detached-eddy simulation(IDDES)was employed to compare the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics and aerodynamic loads in both time and frequency domains.These unsteady aerodynamic loads were then applied to the vehicle dynamics model to compare the dynamic response and performance of the trains with and without wings.The results show that the vortex structure around the train significantly changes with the installation of lift wings both in windless and crosswind conditions.With or without lift wings,the main frequency of aerodynamic loads on each vehicle is concentrated between 0~10 Hz,which is close to the frequency corresponding to the vehicle suspension modality.In windless conditions,the tail car experiences larger side forces,rolling and yaw moments,leading to more noticeable yawing.After installing the lifting wings,there is a marked increase in the floating amount and wheel load reduction rate of each car.Under the crosswind,after installing the lift wing,the load reduction of the wheels on the windward side of the head car increases,resulting in an increase in wheel load reduction rate and overturning coefficient,and a deterioration in operation safety.

关 键 词：高速列车 升力翼 非定常气动 动力学性能 横风 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]