基于PSO算法的摩擦缓冲器阻抗特性曲线优化  

Optimization of Impedance Characteristic Curve of Friction Draft Gear Based on PSO Algorithm

作　　者：赵旭宝[1] 魏伟[2] 张渊[2] ZHAO Xubao;WEI Wei;ZHANG Yuan(College of Rail Intelligent Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China;College of Zhan Tianyou,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学轨道智能工程学院,辽宁大连116028 [2]大连交通大学詹天佑学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《铁道学报》2025年第3期64-72,共9页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKMZ20220849,LJKMZ20220848)。

摘　　要：基于摩擦缓冲器冲击试验数据构建分段式缓冲器模型,以摩擦缓冲器为研究对象,建立动态调整惯性权重的微粒子群优化(PSO)算法,算法综合考虑阻抗力的调整与缓冲器容量需求的匹配关系,在保证缓冲器最大容量需求和最大阻抗力为定值情况下,以降低列车纵向力为优化目标,采用不同速度的调车冲击逐点优化缓冲器各区段阻抗值。优化后仿真结果表明:在1车冲1车的调车冲击工况下,优化的缓冲器整体性能优于MT-2型缓冲器;在3车冲3车调车冲击工况下,优化的缓冲器最大能承受8 km/h的调车冲击,且在冲击速度低于6 km/h时车钩力比MT-2缓冲器平均降低约10.8%;对比优化的缓冲器和MT-2缓冲器,在小减压量50 kPa制动工况下,最大压钩力、拉钩力分别减少13.6%、13.4%,最大负向加速度降低21.4%;在紧急制动工况下,最大压钩力、拉钩力分别减少4.7%、15.3%,最大负向加速度降低12.2%。表明优化的缓冲器展现出更优的阻抗特性,不但能满足高速的调车冲击,又能改善列车运行工况下的纵向动力学性能,保障重载列车安全平稳运行。Piecewise linear model for friction draft gear was constructed based on the impact test data of friction draft gear.A particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm with dynamically adjusted inertia weights was established to optimize the impedance characteristics curve of friction draft gear.With the reduction of the longitudinal force of the train as the optimization objective,while comprehensively considering the matching relationship between impedance force adjustment and draft gear capacity requirements,and ensuring the maximum required capacity and the maximum impedance force of the draft gear as constant values,the algorithm gradually optimized the different segment impedance values of the draft gear under shunting impact at different speeds.The simulation results after optimization indicate that under the shunting impact conditions of one impacting vehicle and one impacted vehicle,the optimized friction draft gear impedance characteristics are better than those of the MT-2 draft gear.Under the shunting impact conditions of three vehicles impacting three other vehicles,the optimized draft gear can withstand a maximum shunting impact of 8 km/h,and the coupler force is reduced by an average of 10.8%compared to the MT-2 draft gear when the impact speed is below 6 km/h.Comparing the optimized draft gear with the MT-2 draft gear,under the braking conditions of small pressure reduction of 50 kPa,the maximum compressive and tensile coupler forces obtained by using the optimized draft gear are reduced by 13.6%and 13.4%,respectively,with the maximum negative acceleration being reduced by 21.4%.Under emergency braking conditions,the maximum compressive and tensile coupler forces are reduced by 4.7%and 15.3%,respectively,with the maximum negative acceleration being reduced by 12.2%,indicating better impedance characteristics of the optimized draft gear,which can not only meet the high-speed shunting impact,but also improve the longitudinal dynamic performance of the train under operating conditions,therefore ensuring the

关 键 词：重载列车 缓冲器容量 阻抗特性 纵向动力学 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]