代际差异视角下政府培训对进城务工人员幸福感的影响  

The Influence of Government Training on Migrant Workers′Well-Being:A Generational Differences Perspective

作　　者：宁可[1,2] 龚兴豪 朱哲毅 NING Ke;GONG Xinghao;ZHU Zheyi(Research Academy for Rural Revitalization of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;College of Economics and Management,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学浙江省乡村振兴研究院,浙江杭州311300 [2]浙江农林大学经济管理学院,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《人口与发展》2025年第2期16-26,共11页Population and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(72003177,72203207);教育部人文社科青年项目(21YJC790173);上海市人民政府决策咨询研究项目一般专项(2023-Z-G03-B)。

摘　　要：进城务工人员幸福感普遍较低,政府培训被视为提升其生活质量的重要手段。研究深入探讨了政府培训对进城务工人员幸福感的影响与机制,并考察老一代和新生代之间的代际差异。在理论分析作用机制的基础上,利用2016年和2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据,用倾向得分匹配法进行了实证分析。研究表明,政府培训显著提高了进城务工人员幸福感,但作用机制存在代际差异。对于老一代进城务工人员,政府培训通过提升技能广度增强幸福感,体现在工作时间减少、加班频率降低,以及生活自由度、社会层级认知和工作尊重感提升。对于新生代务工人员,政府培训通过提升技能深度增强幸福感,表现在收入增加、正规就业机会增多及生活自由度和工作尊重感提升。The well-being of urban migrant workers is generally low,and government training is seen as an important means to improve their quality of life.This paper delves into the impact and mechanisms of government training on the well-being of urban migrant workers,and examines the generational differences between the older and younger generations.Based on the theoretical analysis of the mechanisms of impact,an empirical analysis was conducted using propensity score matching method with data from the 2016 and 2018 China Labor-force Dynamic Survey.The study shows that government training significantly improves the well-being of urban migrant workers,but there are generational differences in the mechanisms of impact.For the older gene-ration of urban migrant workers,government training enhances well-being by increasing the breadth of skills,which is reflected in reduced working hours and overtime frequency,and improved freedom of life,perception of social hierarchy,and respect for work.For the younger generation of migrant workers,government training enhances well-being by improving the depth of their skills,as reflected in increased income,more formal employment opportunities,and greater freedom and respect for their work.

关 键 词：幸福感 政府培训 进城务工人员 代际差异 显性和隐性收益 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]