国家基本气象站雷电灾害风险评估及雷击成因分析  

Risk Assessment and Cause Analysis of Lightning Disasters at National Basic Meteorological Stations

作　　者：蒋显红 李德友 陈智 石磊 彭博 Jiang Xianhong;Li Deyou;Chen Zhi;Shi Lei;Peng Bo(Meteorological Bureau of Ziyang City,Ziyang 641300,Sichuan,China;Meteorological Bureau of Lezhi County,Lizhi 641500,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省资阳市气象局,四川资阳641300 [2]四川省乐至县气象局,四川乐至641500

出　　处：《科技通报》2025年第3期114-122,共9页Bulletin of Science and Technology

基　　金：四川省资阳市气象局科研项目(资气项目2023-10)。

摘　　要：国家基本气象站由精密电子设备组成,通常位于野外开阔地带,周边无高大建构筑物,孤立空旷,极易遭受雷击,因此开展国家基本气象站雷电灾害风险评估非常重要。本文采用统计计算和对比分析方法,重点分析2021—2024年资阳市3个国家基本气象站1 km范围内的土壤电阻率特征、雷电活动规律。结果显示:资阳国家基本气象站土壤电阻率最小,导电性能最好,落雷概率最高,地闪百分比最大,风险级别最高;安岳土壤电阻率次之,落雷和地闪百分比居中,最大雷电流最大,风险级别也高;乐至土壤电阻率最大,导电性能最差,落雷次数和地闪百分比最小,最大雷电流也最小,风险级别低。基于评估结果和防雷规范要求,建立国家基本气象站七个方面雷电防护装置模型。再次过程分析2024年7月17日资阳国家基本气象站遭受雷击原因,结合当日天气形势、雷电监测资料、雷达回波及现场勘察分析得出雷击真正原因,因此开展资阳国家基本气象站雷电灾害风险评估,科学设计,正确施工,控制风险灾害,全方位保障国家基本气象站气象观测设备正常运行。National basic meteorological stations are composed of precision electronic equipment and are usually located in open outdoor areas with no tall buildings or structures around them.They are isolated and open,making them highly susceptible to lightning strikes.Therefore,conducting lightning disaster risk assessments for national basic meteorological stations is very important.This article uses statistical calculation and comparative analysis methods to focus on the characteristics of soil resistivity and lightning activity within a 1km range of three national basic meteorological stations in Ziyang City from 2021 to 2024.The results show that the Ziyang National Basic Meteorological Station has the lowest soil resistivity,the best conductivity,the highest probability of lightning strikes,the highest percentage of ground flashes,and the highest risk level;The soil resistivity of Anyue is second,with a moderate percentage of lightning strikes and ground flashes.The maximum lightning current is the highest,and the risk level is also high;Lezhi has the highest soil resistivity,the worst electrical conductivity,the smallest number of lightning strikes and ground flash percentage,the smallest maximum lightning current,and a low risk level.Based on the evaluation results and lightning protection regulations,establish a model of seven aspects of lightning protection devices for national basic meteorological stations.Any non-standard or inadequate measures may result in lightning strikes.Further process analysis was conducted on July 17th,2024,to determine the cause of lightning strikes at the Ziyang National Basic Meteorological Station.Based on the weather conditions,lightning monitoring data,radar echoes,and on-site investigations,the true cause of lightning strikes was identified.Therefore,a risk assessment of lightning disasters at the Ziyang National Basic Meteorological Station was carried out,with scientific design,correct construction,risk control,and comprehensive guarantee of the normal operation of meteorologic

关 键 词：国家基本气象站 土壤电阻率 雷电强度 雷电大小 风险评估 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]