以世界为中心:论比斯塔的教育任务观  

Putting the World at the Center:On Biesta′s View of Educational Mission

作　　者：熊华军 耿笠博 XIONG Huajun;GENG Libo

机构地区：[1]广东技术师范大学教育科学学院,广东广州510665 [2]西北师范大学教育科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《天津市教科院学报》2025年第1期34-42,85,共10页Journal of Tianjin Academy of Educational Science

基　　金：广东省重点建设学科科研能力提升项目“粤港澳大湾区职业教育产教融合效能评价与提升策略研究”(2022ZDJS008)。

摘　　要：比斯塔的教育任务观既突破了以往的“以教师为中心”的教师向学生传授知识的观点,又突破了“以学生为中心”的学生自主建构知识的观点,同时批判现有教育理论忽视了教育的深层责任,仅将任务简化为“要去做的事情”。比斯塔强调师生的平等地位,反对单一主体的极端化,通过解决教师的教与学生作为主体之间的问题,教育在资格化、社会化、主体化三个领域以“弱教育”的方式使学生的成熟性得以可能。在“以世界为中心”的教育中,师生基于无条件的信任、先验的暴力和不可知的责任在教育情境中共同冒险。比斯塔认为教育任务不应局限于传授知识或促进自主学习,而是肩负起让学生以成熟的方式存在于世界并与之共在的责任。这种教育任务观以教育观教育,给予教育自由的可能性,强调教育任务伴随着责任,为当代教育提供了新的视角和路径。Biesta′s educational task view breaks through the previous view of"teacher-centered"teachers teaching knowledge to students,as well as the view of"student-centered"students constructing knowledge autonomously,and critiques existing educational theories for ignoring the deep-seated responsibilities of education and reducing the task to"something to be done".Biesta emphasizes the equal status of teachers and students,opposes the extremization of a single subject,and through solving the problems between teachers′teaching and students′subjectivity,education enables the possibility of students′maturity in the three areas of qualification,socialization,and subjectification through"weak education".In"world-centered"education,teachers and students venture into educational situations based on unconditional trust,a priori violence,and unknowable responsibility.Biesta believes that the educational task should not be limited to knowledge transmission or promoting autonomous learning,but should shoulder the responsibility of enabling students to exist in the world in a mature way and coexist with it.This educational task view educates about education,giving education the possibility of freedom,emphasizes that the educational task is accompanied by responsibility,and provides a new perspective and path for contemporary education.

关 键 词：比斯塔 教育任务观 主体 成熟 世界 

分 类 号：G40-02[文化科学—教育学原理]