从“甘草”到“猛药”:海瑞治国理政思想的转向——以内阁首辅之争为例  

The Evolution of Hai Rui’s Governance Philosophy from“Gan Cao”to“Meng Yao”:Taking the Dispute Between the Chief Cabinet Secretary as an Example

作　　者：王姿健 史振卿 WANG Zijian;SHI Zhenqing(School of History and Culture,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,China;Library,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,China;Archives,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,China)

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学历史文化学院,海南海口571158 [2]海南师范大学图书馆,海南海口571158 [3]海南师范大学档案馆,海南海口571158

出　　处：《南海学刊》2025年第2期121-128,共8页The Journal of South China Sea Studies

基　　金：海南省哲学社会科学规划课题〔HNSK(ZC)24-208〕。

摘　　要：自明初废丞相设内阁以来,内阁权力不断膨胀,到了嘉靖、隆庆、万历时期达到顶峰。在内阁之中,象征权力的票拟权逐步向首辅转移,由此内阁权力斗争愈演愈烈,其中尤以徐阶与高拱两位“清流”之间的斗争最为激烈。海瑞时任京官,亦深度介入此次政争。基于地方治理经验,海瑞主张以“甘草”式缓治策略调和矛盾,遂上疏弹劾高拱以声援徐阶。但是,随着海瑞巡抚江南,亲自经历徐阶案,逐渐意识到江南地区积重难返,“甘草”治国难以取得成效,国家必须用“猛药”进行彻底改革,因而转向支持高拱。从“甘草”到“猛药”的转变,体现了海瑞为政并非固执守旧,而是在实事求是的基础上能灵活变通。Since the abolition of the prime minister position and establishment of the Grand Secretariat in the early Ming Dynasty,the power of the Grand Secretariat had been gradually expanding,reaching its zenith during the reigns of Jiajing,Longqing,and Wanli emperors.Within this institutional framework,the draft proposal authority—symbolizing imperial decision-making power—increasingly concentrated in the Chief Grand Secretary,intensifying internal power struggles.Among these contests,the rivalry between two“Qingliu”(reformist)officials,Xu Jie and Gao Gong,proved particularly fierce.As a capital official at the time,Hai Rui became deeply involved in this political turmoil.Drawing on his experience in local governance,he initially advocated a“Gancao”(licorice root)-style moderate strategy to mediate conflicts,thus submitting a memorial to impeach Gao Gong in support of Xu Jie.However,after Hai Rui was appointed inspector of Jiangnan(Yangtze River Delta)and personally investigated the Xu Jie case,he gradually realized the intractable nature of regional governance issues.Recognizing that the“Gancao”approach could no longer yield effective results,he concluded that radical“Mengyao”(potent medicine)reforms were necessary for national rejuvenation,leading him to shift allegiance to Gao Gong.This transition from“Gancao”to“Mengyao”demonstrates that Hai Rui’s governance philosophy was not dogmatic conservatism,but rather pragmatic flexibility grounded in objective realities.

关 键 词：明代 海瑞 内阁首辅 治国理政 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]