文明互鉴论视野中的老舍及其文化价值选择的两端性  

LAO She in the Perspective of the Theory of Mutual Recognition of Civilisations and the Two Ends of His Cultural Value Selection

作　　者：耿传明[1] 王艺璇 GENG Chuan-ming;WANG Yi-xuan

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300071

出　　处：《求是学刊》2025年第2期153-168,共16页Seeking Truth

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“近现代以来文学中儒家士人形象嬗变与中国文学的现代性转型”(21BZW033)。

摘　　要：老舍的文化价值选择突出表现为在传统与现代、东方与西方之间的斟酌与磨合:他一方面从动机和目标上认同五四,但又不满于五四启蒙者居高临下的精英主义;他钦羡将个人完全依附于国家的近代西方人的国家崇拜,但也深知其偏狭和不足;他以深厚的市民生活经验和与生俱来的幽默感见长,但他同时又是中国市民生活自觉的批判者和严峻的审视者。他对固有传统充满温情和眷恋,但又深知其所爱者恰恰可能成为中国人通往现代生存的最大阻碍;他的国民性批判具有鲜明的理性主义的现代性诉求,但其个人的灵魂深处仍基本表现为一种温良恭俭、行己有耻的传统底色。老舍的文化价值选择具有超越时代信条的自主性和切己性,他对现代文化的探索为我们走出文明一元论的、非此即彼的、二元对立的文明观提供了范例,为我们认识现代中国人徘徊于中西古今之间的深邃而又复杂的两端性考量提供了见证。LAO She’s choice of cultural values is highlighted by his deliberation and integration between tradi-tion and modernity,the East and the West.On the one hand,he identifies himself with the May Fourth Move-ment in terms of motives and goals,but he is dissatisfied with the condescending elitism of those enlighteners.He envies the state worship of the modern westerners,who are completely dependent on the state,but he is also well aware of its parochialism and insufficiency.He is known for his deep experience of civic life and his innate sense of humour,but he is at the same time a self-conscious critic and severe scrutiniser of Chinese civic life.He is full of warmth and affection for the inherent traditions,but he knew that what he loved could become the biggest obstacle to the modern existence of the Chinese people.His critique of the national charac-ter had a clear rationalist demand for modernity,but his personal soul was still basically a kind of traditional undertone of being gentle,kind and thrifty,and having shame in one’s actions.His choice of cultural values has an autonomy and self-interest that transcends the creed of the times.His exploration of modern culture provides an example for us to get out of the monistic,either/or,dichotomous view of civilization,which provide a witness for us to understand the profound and complex two-sided consideration of the modern Chinese who are hovering between the East and the West,the ancient and the modern.

关 键 词：老舍 国家本位启蒙 两端性 文明互鉴论 温和与刚毅 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]