基于员工满意度和人力成本的智能楼宇保洁工人排班研究  

Research on Scheduling of Cleaning Workers in Intelligent Buildings Based on Employee Satisfaction and Labor Costs

作　　者：白羽 宁飒 王坚 BAI Yu;NING Sa;WANG Jian(School of Science,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044;School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学理学院,北京100044 [2]北京建筑大学测绘与城市空间信息学院,北京100044

出　　处：《北京建筑大学学报》2025年第1期46-52,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41874029);北京市自然科学基金项目(8222011)。

摘　　要：智能楼宇技术可以实现建筑自动化、智能化的管理与运营,保洁工作的高效执行是智能楼宇环境卫生管理的关键,不仅关系到楼宇的整洁美观,更是居民生活质量和公共健康的重要保障。在保洁工人数量有限的情况下,科学合理的排班策略显得尤为重要。首先,以最高的员工满意度和最低的人力成本为目标,建立了一个带权重的保洁工人排班的单目标优化模型。通过引入加班机制,模型能够在保证服务质量的前提下,灵活调整人力资源分配,以应对突发的清洁需求。接着,结合某高校保洁部门数据,采用了CPLEX求解器对模型进行求解,得到了该部门一周内保洁工人的详细排班方案。方案不仅考虑了工作量的均衡分配,还兼顾了员工的工作与休息时间,有效避免了过劳现象的发生。结果表明:与之前的排班模型1相比,该模型在员工满意度上提升了34.21%,在单位成本上减少了11.87%,在人均不受欢迎班次数上也减少了26.94%;与排班模型2相比,该模型在人工成本和单位成本上分别减少了10.72%和20.2%,在人均不受欢迎班次数上降低了12.8%。该模型有效地改进了人力成本、员工满意度和排班公平性,为保洁排班问题的进一步研究提供了理论支持。Intelligent building technology enables automated and intelligent management and operation of buildings.The efficient execution of cleaning work is crucial for the environmental sanitation management of intelligent buildings.It not only relates to the cleanliness and aesthetics of the building but also serves as an important guarantee for the quality of residents蒺lives and public health.When the number of cleaning workers is limited,a scientific and reasonable scheduling strategy becomes particularly important.Firstly,with the goals of maximizing employee satisfaction and minimizing labor costs,a single-objective optimization model for scheduling cleaning workers with weights was established.By introducing an overtime mechanism,the model can flexibly adjust the allocation of human resources to meet sudden cleaning demands while ensuring service quality.Subsequently,combined with the data of the cleaning department of a certain university,the CPLEX solver was used to solve the model,and a detailed weekly scheduling plan for cleaning workers in this department was obtained.This plan not only takes into account the balanced distribution of workload but also gives consideration to employees蒺working and resting hours,effectively avoiding the occurrence of overwork.The experimental results show that compared with the previous scheduling model 1,this model has increased employee satisfaction by 34郾21%,reduced unit costs by 11郾87%,and decreased the average number of unpopular shifts per person by 26郾94%.Compared with scheduling model 2,this model has reduced labor costs and unit costs by 10郾72%and 20郾2%respectively,and decreased the average number of unpopular shifts per person by 12郾8%.This model effectively improves labor costs,employee satisfaction and scheduling fairness,providing theoretical support for further research on the cleaning scheduling problem.

关 键 词：员工满意度 人力成本 保洁工人 排班模型 智能楼宇技术 

分 类 号：TU29[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] O221.4[理学—运筹学与控制论]