水凝胶的制备及其在神经微电极中的应用  

Preparation of Hydrogels and Application in Neural Microelectrodes

作　　者：孙晓娜 刘儒平 严晨 侯兰兰 孙志成[1] 韩璐[1] SUN Xiao-na;LIU Ru-ping;YAN Chen;HOU Lan-an;SUN Zhi-cheng;HAN Lu(School of Printing and Packaging Engineering,Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京印刷学院印刷与包装工程学院,北京102600

出　　处：《印刷与数字媒体技术研究》2025年第2期11-19,46,共10页Printing and Digital Media Technology Study

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目——用于诱导神经细胞定向生长的印刷异质微结构神经微电极研究(No.62371051);国家自然科学基金项目——基于印刷电子的柔性神经微电极制备及界面电荷密度调控(No.61971049);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目——纳米多孔氧化铝基底复合纳米晶ZnO薄膜的气敏和光电传感器研究(No.62211530446);国家自然科学基金项目——双壁多功能型水核微胶囊的可控制备及印刷显示性能研究(No.22278037);北京市自然科学基金项目——石墨烯水凝胶新型神经微电极研制及其电荷输运机制(No.2252034);材料科学与工程学科建设项目(No.21090124010)。

摘　　要：早期的神经微电极多由半导体和金属等刚性材料制成,其生物兼容性差、易引起免疫反应损伤神经组织。水凝胶修饰的神经微电极凭借三维亲水聚合物网络结构、优异的机械性能和良好的生物相容性得到了广泛的应用,且在水凝胶网络结构中填充聚合物可以提高性能、改善电极/神经组织界面和提升长期稳定性。本文介绍了水凝胶的特性及合成方法,并从生物相容性、电极机械性能和电化学性能以及电极的耐用性和稳定性等方面论述了水凝胶修饰神经微电极性能的影响,最后展望了水凝胶神经微电极未来的发展方向。Initially,neural microelectrodes predominantly consisted of inflexible materials such as semiconductors and metals,which exhibited limited biological compatibility and were prone to inducing immune reactions that could harm neural tissues.The hydrogel-modified neural microelectrodes have gained widespread adoption due to their three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer network structure,excellent mechanical characteristics,and favorable biocompatibility.Furthermore,the incorporation of polymers within the hydrogel network structure presents an opportunity to enhance its functionality,optimize the interface between the electrode and neural tissue,and ensure the long-term stability of the electrode.In this paper,the properties and synthesis methods of hydrogels were introduced,and a comprehensive review of the applications of neural electrodes modified with hydrogels was provided,from the aspects of their biocompatibility,mechanical and electrochemical properties,as well as durability and stability of the electrodes.Additionally,the future prospects of hydrogel neural microelectrodes were discussed.

关 键 词：水凝胶 神经微电极 柔性材料 生物相容性 电极/神经组织界面 

分 类 号：TQ427.1[化学工程] TS879[轻工技术与工程]