有氧运动对老年人脑血管和认知功能影响机制的研究进展  

Research progress on the mechanism of the impact of aerobic exercise on cerebral vasculature and cognitive function in elderly people

作　　者：王湘博 彭成根[1] 刘松林 Wang Xiangbo;Peng Chenggen;Liu Songlin(Sport Institute Of Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha Hunan;Department of Neurosurgery,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,Changsha Hunan)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学体育学院,湖南长沙 [2]中南大学湘雅医院神经外科,湖南长沙

出　　处：《运动科学与健康研究》2025年第2期61-68,共8页Research on Sports Science and Health

基　　金：湖南省教育厅研究生科研创新项目“康养视角下MCI老年人跌倒风险感知测度与运动处方设计研究”(LXBZZ2024152)。

摘　　要：随着全球人口老龄化的加剧,老年人群体面临着脑血管功能退化和认知能力下降的重大挑战。有氧运动作为一种使用广泛、成本较低的改善脑血管状态的干预措施,对于预防脑血管疾病有着显著作用。本文综述了有氧运动对老年人脑血管和认知功能的影响机制,从海马体和前扣带皮层(ACC)、脑血管反应性(CVR)、脑血流量(CBF)、内皮细胞(EC)和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)5个方面进行论述。研究表明,有氧运动能够增加海马体和ACC的脑血流灌注,改善CVR、增加CBF,提升脑内氧气及营养物质的供应,从而促进神经细胞的代谢活性。增强EC功能,促进BDNF的合成与释放,改善认知表现。未来的研究需要进一步探索有氧运动改善脑血管和认知功能背后的具体机制,进一步探讨不同运动类型、频率、强度以及个性化运动干预方案对老年人群的作用,为有氧运动改善老年人脑血管和认知功能提供更为坚实的理论基础。With the intensification of global population aging,the elderly population is facing significant challenges of cerebral vascular function degradation and cognitive decline.Aerobic exercise,as a widely used and low-cost intervention to improve cerebrovascular status,significantly prevents cerebrovascular diseases.This article reviews the mechanism of the effects of aerobic exercise on the cerebral vasculature and cognitive function in elderly individuals,discussing five aspects:hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex(ACC),cerebral vascular reactivity(CVR),cerebral blood flow(CBF),endothelial cells(EC),and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).Research has shown that aerobic exercise can increase cerebral blood flow perfusion in the hippocampus and ACC,improve CVR,increase CBF,and enhance the supply of oxygen and nutrients in the brain,thereby promoting the metabolic activity of nerve cells.Enhance EC function,promote the synthesis and release of BDNF,and improve cognitive performance.Future research needs to explore further the specific mechanisms behind aerobic exercise improving cerebrovascular and cognitive function and investigate the effects of different types,frequencies,intensities,and personalized exercise intervention programs on the elderly population,providing a more solid theoretical basis for aerobic exercise to improve cerebrovascular and cognitive function in the elderly.

关 键 词：有氧运动 脑血管功能 认知功能 老年人 

分 类 号：R743[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]