中小学教师自主权的属性、实践限度及保障思路  

Attributes,Scope of Practice and Ideas for Safeguarding of Teacher Autonomy in Primary and Secondary Schools

作　　者：张晓伟[1] 黄胤 ZHANG Xiaowei;HUANG Yin(Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学,北京100871

出　　处：《现代教育管理》2025年第1期109-118,共10页Modern Education Management

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“中小学教育惩戒实施细则的科学制定与依法完善研究”(21YJC880016)。

摘　　要：中小学教师自主权具有职务权力的属性,兼具职务权力、专业权利和多维度权利的属性。在学校管理层面,中小学教师在与学校宏观课程决策、学生纪律制度制定,以及与学校人事管理相关的招聘录用、考核奖惩等方面的自主权十分有限,然而,在教育教学层面,中小学教师在决定课程内容、选择教学方法、评估学生学习、惩戒学生和布置家庭作业方面则具有适度的自主权。为了保障中小学教师自主权真正落地,化解权利行使的实践困境,应完善《中华人民共和国教师法》的相应条款,赋予教师适度拒绝从事与教学无关的工作或活动的权利,提升教师的自主权。The autonomy of primary and secondary school teachers is prominent as the attribute of position power,but it still has the official power,the attribute of professional rights and multidi⁃mensional rights.Primary and secondary school teachers have limited autonomy at the school man⁃agement level in school macro curriculum decision⁃making,student discipline policies,and recruit⁃ment and hiring,assessment,rewards and punishments,as well as professional development related to personnel administration in schools.However,at the education and teaching level,there is a mod⁃erate degree of autonomy in determining course content,choosing teaching methods,assessing stu⁃dent learning,disciplining students,and assigning the amount of homework.In order to ensure that the autonomy of primary and secondary school teachers is truly realized,and resolve the practical dif⁃ficulties in the exercise of teacher autonomy,the corresponding provisions of the Draft Revision of the Teachers’Law should be improved to give teachers the right to reject work or activities unrelated to teaching,so as to enhance teachers’autonomy at the school level.

关 键 词：中小学 教师自主权 权利属性 实践限度 法律保障 

分 类 号：G451[文化科学—教育学]