我国幼儿自我控制的类型、发展特点及其教育建议——基于潜在剖面分析  

Types,Developmental Characteristics,and Educational Recommendations of Self-Control in Young Children in China:Based on Latent Profile Analysis

作　　者：杨丽珠 刘舒宜 何明影 Yang Lizhu;Liu Shuyi;He Mingying(School of Psychology,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian Liaoning 116029,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《教育科学》2025年第1期51-59,共9页Education Science

基　　金：2017年度国家出版基金“儿童青少年健全人格培养研究”(项目编号:基金办[2017]16号)。

摘　　要：在我国15省采用分层取样抽取3 544名幼儿,使用幼儿自我控制教师评定量表对其施测,运用潜在剖面分析和Logistic回归模型等方法,探讨幼儿自我控制类型及其发展特点。研究发现,我国幼儿自我控制可划分为三种类型:被动控制型、约束顺从型和自主控制型。小班幼儿以被动控制型和约束顺从型为主,小班下学期(3.5岁)被动控制型的占比开始下降。中班幼儿以约束顺从型为主,自主控制型的人数在增长,中班下学期(4.5岁)约束顺从型开始下降。大班幼儿约束顺从型和自主控制型的占比趋向平衡,大班下学期(5.5岁)自主控制型的占比快速上升。女童的被动控制型比例显著低于男童的被动控制型比例,而女童的自我控制水平比男童的自我控制水平高。建议教师和家长,针对幼儿自我控制三种类型的特征和3.5~4岁、4.5~5岁幼儿自我控制类型发展的敏感期进行培养。In order to explore the self-control types and development characteristics of young children, 3,544 preschoolers were selected from 15 provinces in China by stratified sampling. The “Teacher Rating Scale for Young Children's Self-Control” was, and the latent profile analysis and logistic regression model were applied in this study. The study found that the self-control of Chinese preschoolers can be divided into three types: passive control type, constraint and compliance type, and autonomous control type. Kindergarten 1 children are mainly passive control type and constraint compliance type, and the proportion of passive control type begins to decline in the second semester of Kindergarten 1(3.5 years old). Kindergarten 2 children are mainly constraint compliance type, the number of autonomous control types is increasing, and the constraint compliance type begins to decline in the second semester of Kindergarten 2(4.5 years old). Kindergarten 3 children tend to balance the proportion of constraint compliance type and autonomous control type, and the proportion of autonomous control type increases rapidly in the second semester of Kindergarten 3(5.5 years old). The passive control rate of girls is significantly lower than that of boys, while girls have higher self-control levels than boys. It is recommended that teachers and parents cultivate children's self-control characteristics based on the three types of self-control and the sensitive period of self-control habit development of children aged 3.5~4 and 4.5~5.

关 键 词：幼儿 自我控制类型 类型发展特点 潜在剖面分析 LOGISTIC回归模型 

分 类 号：G612[文化科学—学前教育学]