从区域类型学构建汉语选择问的多路径演变  

Constructing Multiple Development Paths for Sinitic Alternative Questions from a Regional Typological Perspective

作　　者：李昕怡 LI Xinyi

机构地区：[1]香港科技大学人文学部,中国香港999077

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2025年第1期40-55,共16页Essays on Linguistics

摘　　要：选择问在东亚的东部、南部语言中多用连词连接选项,如汉语普通话使用“还是”,北部和西部则不然,其选项一般直接并置且各带疑问标记。汉语方言地处东亚语言过渡区,其内部选择问类型分异与上述背景有所呼应。语言结构的类型分布能反映其演变历史,东亚选择问的类型差异指明汉语选择问发展有三个关键步骤:(1)从句群转变为复句;(2)选项句内出现固定的前置性标记;(3)删除重复标记,只保留位于选项间的标记,选择问从并置式转变为连接式。选择问连词“还是”可追溯至疑问标记,该演变路径已被其他的前置性疑问标记预演。类型学对选择问多样性的发掘,不仅揭示了汉语选择问演变的多线脉络,还为特定句式的产生提供了类型学的解释。In the eastern and southern areas of East Asian,alternative questions commonly employ a conjunction,such as Haishi(还是)in Standard Mandarin,to link the alternatives.On the other hand,in the western and northern regions,alternative questions are typically formed by juxtaposing alternatives respectively marked with interrogative markers.The distribution of alternative question types in Sinitic languages reflects the above general division since Sinitic languages cover the transitional region between the two distinct areas in East Asia.Based on a comparison of alternative questions in East Asia,three essential steps for constructionalizing Sinitic alternative questions can be identified:(1)a group of sentences is transformed into a complex sentence structure;(2)a prepositive marker is adopted in each alternative clause;(3)repeated markers are reduced,and the remaining marker between the two alternatives may develop into a connector,resulting in a shift from a juxtaposition structure to a coordinated structure.The origin of Haishi(还是)can be traced back to the prepositive marker used in polar questions.This trajectory is supported by historical evidence found in other prepositive question markers.The typological exploration not only reveals multiple evolutionary trajectories of Chinese alternative questions but also provides typological explanations for the emergence of specific question patterns.

关 键 词：选择问 类型学 还是 疑问句 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]