再论“焜黄”的词义——同族词与词义平行例证角度的考察  

Further Discussion on the Meaning of Kunhuang(焜黄):A Study on Word Family and Semantically Parallel Examples

作　　者：程悦 CHENG Yue

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2025年第1期135-145,共11页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(DF2023YS09)资助;中国社会科学院语言研究所所级项目“匣母上古音来源研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以往学者对“焜黄”词义的认识存在很大分歧。《文选》旧注认为表示草木颜色衰败貌,后世学者认为“焜黄”表示明亮鲜艳貌。考察“焜黄”的性质和语音,确定上古为匣母合口双声联绵词。“焜”在中古主流读音为匣母混韵,至晚在明末见母魂韵音占主流。以严格语音标准筛选“焜黄”可能的同族词后,进行性质和词义的分析,发现“焜黄”同族词核心义为光明灿烂,非同族的“芸黄”“玄黄”则都存在繁盛、灿烂义和草木枯黄义之间的引申路径。最后,通过对“焜黄华叶衰”相同、相近句式的句法语义考察,确定“焜黄”语义指向“华叶衰”。以上考察说明,“焜黄”本义为光明灿烂,但在诗句中表达的语境义是草木颜色衰败貌。There have long been significant diff erences in scholars'understanding of the meaning of the word Kunhuang(焜黄).The old annotations in Wen Xuan(《文选》)suggested that it represented the appearance of the decline of plant colors,while later scholars argued that Kunhuang(焜黄)signifies a bright,brilliant appearance.By examining the nature and pronunciation of Kunhuang(焜黄)we determine that it is a binding word with the initial Xia(匣)and a rounded medial.In medieval times Kun(焜)had a main pronunciation with the initial Xia(匣)and the rhyme Hun(混).By the end of the Ming Dynasty,its main pronunciation had shifted to the one with initial Jian(见)and the rhyme Hun(魂).After applying strict phonetic standards to filter possible candidates in the word family of Kun(焜),we analyze their characteristics and meanings.We find that the core meaning of the Kunhuang(焜黄)family is bright and brilliant,whereas Yunhuang(芸黄)and xuanhuang(玄黄),which are not part of this family,both exhibit a semantic pathway between meanings of prosperity and brilliance,and the withered yellow of plants.Finally,by examining the syntax and semantics of the similar sentence structure of Kunhuang Hua Ye Shuai(焜黄华叶衰),we determine that Kunhuang(焜黄)semantically points to Hua Ye Shuai(华叶衰).The investigation above indicates that the original meaning of Kunhuang(焜黄)is bright and brilliant,but the contextual meaning expressed in the poem reflects the decline of plant colors.

关 键 词：焜黄 联绵词 同族词 词义引申 语境义 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]