经典名方中冬葵子的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Malvae Semen in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：陈冬雪 刘一波 于洋洋 吕国帅 吴慧丽 韩新乐 谭悦 李旻辉 詹志来[4] CHEN Dongxue;LIU Yibo;YU Yangyang;LYU Guoshuai;WU Huili;HAN Xinle;TAN Yue;LI Minhui;ZHAN Zhilai(Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hohhot 010020,China;Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010110,China;Baotou Medical College,Baotou 014040,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区中医医院,呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古医科大学,呼和浩特010110 [3]包头医学院,内蒙古包头014040 [4]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2025年第7期252-264,共13页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0190100);中央本级重大增减支项目-名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目(2060302);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702)。

摘　　要：该文通过查阅历代本草、方书、农学、文学等方面典籍结合近现代文献资料,对冬葵子药材的名称、基原、学名考订沿革、产地、品质、采收加工与炮制、性味归经与功能主治等方面进行了系统的梳理与考证,为含有冬葵子药材的经典名方开发与利用提供依据。经考证可知,《神农本草经》始以“冬葵子”为正名,为历代所沿用,尚有葵菜子、滑菜、葵子等别名。通过基原考证可知,葵菜为古代冬葵子主流基原植物,即锦葵科锦葵属植物冬葵Malva verticillata var.crispa,而同科植物蜀葵Alcea rosea和锦葵M.cathayensis亦有使用,近代以来将锦葵科植物苘麻Abutilon theophrasti的种子冒充冬葵子入药,而历代主流的冬葵M.verticillata var.crispa的种子则较少入药,且苘麻子自唐代《新修本草》收录以来自古为另一功效有别的药材,因明清以来葵菜种植日趋减少,而苘麻则较为常见,易取易得,加之两者种子形态相似而混淆,应予以纠正。另外,冬葵的果实为蒙古族习用药材“冬葵果”,与中医传统种子入药有别。葵菜作为历史上重要菜蔬,曾广泛栽培,宋以后逐渐萎缩,现主产于南方诸省。冬葵子的品质评价则以身干、子粒饱满、色灰褐、无泥、无杂质者的为佳。采收一般在秋冬两季,晒干后打种,筛除果皮及杂质,捣碎,或用文火微炒至黄白色使用。其性味“甘、寒、滑”,以滑肠通便、利尿、下乳、消除肿胀为主要功效;苘麻子功效为清热解毒、利湿、退翳,较冬葵子而言,功效差异较大。基于考证结果,建议经典名方开发时所用冬葵子药材应采用冬葵M.verticillata var.crispa为药用基原,按经典名方中药物炮制要求选取相应的炮制方法,未明确炮制要求的建议以生品入药。The medicinal use of Malvae Semen has a long history.In this paper,by consulting the ancient materia medica,prescription,agronomy,literature and other aspects of the classics,the name,origin,evolution of scientific name,quality,harvesting and processing,functions and indications and others of Malvae Semen were systematically sorted out and verified,so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb.According to the textual research,Shennong Bencaojing began to use Dongkuizi as the correct name,which was used in the past dynasties,and there were also aliases such as Kuicaizi,Huacai,and Kuizi.Through the original research,it can be seen that Kuicai is the mainstream original plant of Malvae Semen,that is,Malva verticillata var.crispa,the Alcea rosea and M.cathayensis are also used.In modern times,the seeds of Abutilon theophrasti have been passed off as Malvae Semen,while the seeds of M.verticillata var.crispa have rarely been used in medicine.And Abutili Semen has been another medicinal material with different efficacy since the collection of Newly Revised Materia Medica in the Tang dynasty.Since the Ming and Qing dynasties,the cultivation of Kuicai has been decreasing,while A.theophrasti is more common and easy to obtain,and Abutili Semen and Malvae Semen are similar in morphology and confused,which should be corrected.In addition,Malvae Fructus is a Mongolian customary medicinal herb,which is different from the traditional use of seeds in traditional Chinese medicine.Kuicai,as an important vegetable in history,was widely cultivated and gradually shrunk after the Song dynasty,it is now mainly produced in southern provinces.The quality evaluation of Malvae Semen is better for those with dry bodies,full grain,grayish brown color,no mud,and no impurities.The harvesting is generally in the autumn and winter.After drying,it is seeded,sieved peel and impurities,mashed,or slightly stirfried to yellow-white color with gentle fire.It is sweet,cold and slippery in

关 键 词：经典名方 冬葵子 苘麻子 基原 产地与品质 采收加工与炮制 本草考证 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] R931[文化科学] Z126.27