人类增强视域下科技延寿的合理性及其限度探究  

Research on the Rationality and Limitations of Technological Life Extension from the Perspective of Human Enhancement

作　　者：陈玲[1] 李乔 CHEN Ling;LI Qiao(Department of Philosophy,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian,361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2025年第2期18-26,共9页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学团队项目“古籍子部谱录类科技思想的收集整理及其现代价值研究”(项目编号:23VJXT005);国家社科基金一般项目“《宋会要》科技思想的搜集、整理与当代价值研究(项目编号:21BX053)”。

摘　　要：随着人类平均寿命的不断延长和抗衰老技术的不断成熟,科技延寿逐渐步入人们的视野。实现科技延寿的延寿技术隶属于人类增强技术领域。目前对科技延寿的态度可划分为坚持寿命增强理念的超人类主义和遵循自然秩序的生物保守主义两大阵营。超人类主义追求通过技术手段显著增强寿命,而生物保守主义强调技术应尊重生命的自然进程。关于科技延寿的争论主要在于社会公平领域,需要从功利与公正视角考察其合理性价值。此外,延寿技术的发展还需有关注技术对具身体验的影响和老龄化带来的认知僵化与适应性挑战。通过构建人类命运共同体,加强跨文化合作,有助于找到平衡科技延寿争论的路径,在促进整体福祉的同时,实现技术进步与伦理规范的统一。As the average human lifespan continues to increase and anti-aging technologies become more sophisticated,life extension through technology has gradually come into focus.Life extension technologies fall within the field of human enhancement technology.Currently,attitudes toward technological life extension can be divided into two camps:transhumanism,which adheres to the concept of life extension,and bioconservatism,which emphasizes following the natural order.The former aims to significantly extend lifespans through technological means,while the latter stresses that technology should respect the natural course of life.The debate over technological life extension primarily revolves around social equity and requires an assessment of its rational value from both utilitarian and justice perspectives.Moreover,the development of life extension technologies should also consider the impact on embodied experiences and challenges to cognitive rigidity and adaptability brought by aging.Building a shared future for humanity and strengthening cross-cultural cooperation can help find an approach to balance the debate over life extension through technology and to achieve unity between technological progress and ethical standards while promoting the overall human well-being.

关 键 词：科技延寿 人类增强 生物保守主义 超人类主义 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学] R195.3[医药卫生—卫生统计学]