分类学对进化思想的启蒙作用  

The Enlightenment of Taxonomy to Evolutionary Thought

作　　者：刘锐[1] LIU Rui(Department of Scientific History and Archaeometry,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,230026)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2025年第2期83-89,共7页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：中国科学技术大学“新文科”项目(项目编号:XWK2019011)。

摘　　要：分类学的发展,从最初的功利性的目的转向了按照生物性状的不同进行分类,逐步形成了规范的分类方式。瑞典博物学家林奈成为生物分类学的先驱,他提出了“门、纲、目、科、属、种”的人工分类方式,促进了动植物研究的发展,但是这一观点受到法国博物学家布封的反驳,他认为自然界应该是一体的。这也让我们不禁的去思考,按照这样的思路追本溯源,最终,所有的生物是不是有一个共同的祖先呢?这一系列的问题都对进化论的诞生起到了启蒙作用。The development of taxonomy changed from the original utilitarian purpose to the classification according to the different biological traits,and gradually formed a standardized classification method.Swedish naturalist Linnaeus became a pioneer in biological taxonomy.He put forward the artificial classification of“Phylum,Class,Order,Family,Genus,Species”,which promoted the development of animal and plant research,but this view was refuted by French naturalist Buffon.He believes that nature should become a whole.This also allows us to think,according to this way of thinking back to the source,in the end,all creatures have a common ancestor?This series of questions has played an enlightening role in the birth of evolution theory.

关 键 词：分类学 林奈 布封 进化思想 启蒙 

分 类 号：Q19[生物学—普通生物学] Q111