不同性别的广泛性焦虑障碍患者临床症状和心理特征的差异  

The Clinical Symptoms and Psychological Characteristics Differences in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder of Different Genders

作　　者：麦嘉泳 方泽南[1] 黎尚钊 黄瑞香 孙景波[1,2] MAI Jiayong;FANG Zenan;LI Shangzhao(The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510120,China)

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学第二附属医院/广东省中医院,广州510120 [2]广州中医药大学

出　　处：《国际精神病学杂志》2025年第1期157-162,共6页Journal Of International Psychiatry

摘　　要：目的观察不同性别的广泛性焦虑障碍(Generalized Anxiety Disorder,GAD)患者临床症状和心理特征差异。方法运用回顾性分析方法,对2022年1月至2022年12月于广东省中医院心理睡眠专科就诊的578例GAD患者的一般资料、性别、年龄、合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停情况及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、康耐尔医学指数(Cornell Medical Index,CMI)、明尼苏达多项人格测验(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory,MMPI)量表评分进行分析。结果①GAD主要患病人群为青年男性、青年女性及围绝经期女性;②男性组不乏有合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的病例,女性组罕见。③女性组PSQI总分和睡眠效率、睡眠时间、睡眠质量因子分均高于男性组,存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。④女性组CMI总分、M-R总分及C心血管系统、E肌肉骨骼系统、F皮肤系统、G神经系统、H生殖泌尿系统、M不适应、N抑郁、R紧张因子分均高于男性组,存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。⑤两组MMPI的Hs疑病、D抑郁、Hy癔病因子分均达异常值,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);女性组Ma轻躁狂因子分高于男性组,男性组Mf男性化-女性化和Si社会内向因子分均高于女性组,存在统计学差异(P<0.05),但均未达到异常值。结论不同性别的GAD患者显示出明显的临床症状和心理特征差异,基于不同性别对GAD进行差异化诊疗的研究和实践非常重要,有利于提高临床效率和疗效。Objective To observe the clinical symptoms and psychological characteristics differences in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD)of different genders.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 578 GAD patients who visited the Psychological Sleeping Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to December 2022.General information,gender,age,comorbid GAD and obstructive sleep apnea,and scores on the PSQI,CMI and MMPI scales were analyzed.Results①The main population of GAD patients includes young males,young females,and perimenopausal females.②The male group has cases with comorbid GAD and obstructive sleep apnea,while it's rare in the female group.③The female group has higher PSQI total scores,and scores for sleep efficiency,sleep duration and sleep quality factors than the male group,with statistical differences(P<0.05).④The female group has higher CMI total scores,M-R total scores,and scores for C(cardiovascular system),E(musculoskeletal system),F(skin),G(nervous system),H(reproductive and urinary system),M(maladjustment),N(depression),and R(tension)factors than the male group,with statistical differences(P<0.05).⑤Both groups'MMPI scores for Hs(hypochondriasis),D(depression)and Hy(hysteria)factors reach the abnormal level,but without statistical differences(P>0.05).The female group has higher Ma(hypomania)scores than the male group,while the male group has higher Mf(masculinity-femininity)and Si(introversion)factors than the female group,with statistical differences(P<0.05),but do not reach the abnormal level.Conclusion GAD patients of different genders display significant clinical symptoms and psychological differences. Research and practice focused ongender-specific diagnosis and treatment for GAD are crucial to enhancing clinical efficiency and effectiveness.

关 键 词：广泛性焦虑障碍 性别差异 临床症状 心理特征 回顾性分析 

分 类 号：R749.99[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]