民事案件电子数据区块链存证的真实性审查困境与路径优化  

Dilemma of Authenticity Review and Path Optimization for Blockchain Evidence of Electronic Data in Civil Cases

作　　者：张德馨 ZHANG Dexin(Law School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200042

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2025年第3期19-27,共9页Journal of Yibin University

摘　　要：电子数据区块链存证因技术自身去中心化、防篡改等优势而在司法实务中逐步扩大适用。但是作为一种新型证据保全方式,区块链技术司法应用的保障机制有待改进,证据的真实性审查存在司法规则“技”“法”冲突、上链前的真实性难以保证、上链后证据存在篡改可能性、第三方存证平台中立性受质疑等问题。鉴于此,区块链存证规则应结合技术特征与证据法基本理论,区分上链前后两阶段设置审查标准,构建存证平台资质合规审查制度并明确平台方的技术说明义务,以优化电子数据区块链存证的真实性审查路径。The use of blockchain for storing electronic data evidence has gradually expanded in judicial practice due to advantages of decentralization and tamper-resistance.However,as a new method of evidence preservation,the safeguard mechanism for the judicial application of blockchain technology needs to be improved.Issues arise in the authenticity review of evidence,including conflicts between judicial rules and technology“technology”and“law”,difficulties in ensuring authenticity before uploading to the blockchain,the possibility of tampering with evidence after uploading,and doubts about the neutrality of third-party evidence preservation platforms.In order to optimize the authenticity review path for blockchain evidence of electronic data,it is necessary to improve the allocation of burden of proof,presumption rules,and rules for strengthening probative value for blockchain evidence of electronic data based on the basic theory of evidence law.In addition,review standards should be established for the two stages before and after uploading to the blockchain.A compliance review system for the qualifications of evidence preservation platforms should be established,and the technical explanation obligations of the platform should be clarified.

关 键 词：电子数据 区块链存证 真实性 证据规则 平台中立 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]