从全景敞视到全域凝视:对“卫星治村”现象的考察与反思  

From Panoramic Vision to Territorial Gaze:Observations and Reflections on the Phenomenon of"Administrating Village by Satellite"

作　　者：张森 叶敬忠[1] ZHANG Sen;YE Jingzhong

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期112-126,共15页Journal of China Agricultural University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“从脱贫攻坚到乡村振兴的有效衔接与转型研究”(20&ZD163)。

摘　　要：掌握清晰的社会信息是国家治理的一项基础性工作科学技术的进步为国家观察社会提供了愈发精致的工具。当前,卫星影像、无人机航拍、高清瞭望塔等具备较高科技含量的信息采集技术正被应用于乡村治理,乡村的农田、山林、河道、湖泊、矿产、民房等发展资源尽数暴露在遥感设备的高空观察和地理信息系统的统计之下。这些通过鸟瞰乡村捕获的信息成为国家推进行政工作的重要参照,本文将这一现象概括为“卫星治村”。对该现象的调查研究发现,这些技术的应用为乡村自然资源划定了清晰的权属边界,有利于行政系统精准读取乡村信息,提升行政执法的效率,促进基层治理的理性化。然而,过于依赖视觉信息容易将乡村治理带人结果导向之中,二维图像压缩了鲜活的社会过程,在使社会逐渐清晰化的同时也坠入了简单化的陷阱。“卫星治村”将全景视主义的意识形态具体化为全域凝视的治理思维,企图以去政治化的技术方式解决成分复杂的乡村治理问题,在一定程度上造成了治理过程的僵化,限制了基层政府和乡村社会自主性的发挥。因此,在诸多新技术参与乡村治理的背景下,需要倡导治理过程中“人”的回归。Information is fundamental in national governance,and the progress of science and technology provides exquisite tools for the state to observe society.Nowadays,satellite imagery,drone aerial photography,high-definition watchtower and other high-tech information-gathering technologies are applied in rural governance.Farmland,mountains,forests,rivers,lakes,minerals,houses and other resources are all exposed to the remote sensing of the high-altitude observation and geographic information systems.This method of viewing the countryside from above through capturing the information has become an important reference for the country to enhance rural administration.This phenomenon is called in this paper as"administrating village by satellite".Fieldwork revealed that the application of these technologies has drawn clear ownership boundaries for natural resources in the countryside,which has facilitated the administration to precisely read the information of the countryside,improved the efficiency of administration,and promoted the rationalization of grassroots governance.However,over-reliance on visual information tends to lead village governance into result orientation,and the two-dimensional image compresses the vivid social processes.This makes the society clearer,but also flls into the trap of simplification."Administrating village by satellite"materializes the ideology of panopticism into governance and attempts to solve complex rural governance problems by de-politicized technology,which,to a certain extent,results in the rigidity of the governance processes,and restricts the autonomy of grassroots governments and rural societies.Therefore,in the context of applying many new technologies in rural governance,it is necessary to advocate for the return of the"human being"in the governance process.

关 键 词：卫星治村 技术治理 全景视 凝视 乡村发展 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]