规模扩张背景下中国高等教育收益率的变动态势与区域差异  

Changing Trend and Regional Differences of China’s Higher Education Return Rate Under Background of Scale Expansion

作　　者：胡德鑫 陈洁[1] HU De-xin;CHEN Jie(Tianjin University,Tianjin 300354,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学,天津300354

出　　处：《黑龙江高教研究》2025年第3期69-76,共8页Heilongjiang Researches on Higher Education

摘　　要：基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2008年和2018年的相关数据,采用明瑟收入方程与倾向得分匹配法,对中国高等教育收益率的变动趋势与区域差异进行分析。研究结果显示:一是基于普通最小二乘法的基准回归发现,从2008年到2018年,我国高等教育收益率由47.5%上升至65.8%,表明接受高等教育的边际收益尚处于增加态势;二是从分区域来看,西部高等教育收益率增幅最高,东北与中部次之,东部最低,说明高等教育仍是经济落后区域提升个体收益、阻断贫困传递的有效路径;三是为减少异质性及自选择偏差,采用倾向得分匹配法测算出2008年和2018年高等教育的收益率分别为41.9%和70.9%,进一步证实高等教育规模的扩张并未削弱其收益率。通过ATT、ATU、ATE值的对比分析,2018年东部与西部的差距下降1.1%,在一定程度上说明高等教育规模扩张在缩小区域间贫富差距、促进共同富裕方面具有积极意义。Based on relevant data from the China General Social Survey(CGSS)in 2008 and 2018,this study uses the Mincer income equation and propensity score matching method to analyze the changing trend and regional differences in rate of return to higher education in China.The results of the study show that:(1)the benchmark regression based on ordinary least squares method found that the rate of return to higher education in China increased from 47.5%to 65.8%between 2008 and 2018,indicating that the marginal benefits of receiving higher education are still in an increasing trend;(2)From a regional perspective,the growth rate of higher education returns is highest in the western region,followed by the northeast and central regions,and lowest in the eastern region,indicating that higher education is still an effective path for economically backward areas to improve individual income and block the transmission of property;(3)To reduce the heterogeneity and self selection bias,the propensity score matching method was used to calculate the return rates of higher education in 2008 and 2018 as 41.9%and 70.9%,respectively,which further confirms that the expansion of the scale of higher education has not weakened its return rate.Meanwhile,through comparative analysis of ATT,ATU,and ATE values,the gap between the eastern and western regions decreased by 1.1%in 2018,which to some extent indicates that the expansion of the scale of higher education has a positive significance in narrowing the inter-regional gap between the rich and the poor and promoting common prosperity.

关 键 词：高校扩招 区域差异 高等教育收益率 个体收入 共同富裕 

分 类 号：G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]