“文科无用”论、人工智能与新文科的出路  

On the Idea of“Useless Humanities and Social Sciences”,Artificial Intelligence,and the Future of New Liberal Arts

作　　者：苏德超[1,2] Su Dechao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,武汉430072 [2]武汉大学欧美宗教文化研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《新文科教育研究》2025年第1期71-85,142,共16页NEW LIBERAL ARTS EDUCATION RESEARCH

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金规划项目“相容论与无意志的道德责任研究”(编号:22YJA720008);2023年湖北本科高校省级教学改革研究项目“‘三回两问一中心’西方哲学教学模式创新与实践”阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：随着人工智能等新技术的兴起,坊间“文科无用”论甚嚣尘上。这一质疑跟对象的切近性、对成果加以事实和逻辑核查的困难性、进步的不明显性以及价值导向上的弱市场属性和非力量性等文科固有特征密切相关,同时又被文科研究者改写式诠释、套用式应用等工作特点所强化。文科研究者的工作特点派生于文科固有特征,且可以动态调整,因此相应质疑远不如对文科固有特征的质疑来得严厉。然而,所有激进的反文科立场都涉嫌对理工科标准的超范围使用,是一种未经有效辩护的文科观点。其实质是对轻率文科观点的放纵而非对严肃理工科的立场重视。作为理工科自我迭代的衍生品,人工智能虽展现出极具潜力的应用前景,但由于缺乏情感、直觉和创见,它无法在文科领域取代人类。当前新文科建设应守护文科的人文要素,避免让文科单纯沦为新技术应用场景,避免“第三种文化”运动中的激进立场,以真正促进文科发展。With the advent of new technologies such as artificial intelligence,the perception that the humanities and social sciences are useless has gained increasing traction.This skepticism arises from several inherent characteristics of the humanities,including their immediate relevance of their subject matters,the challenges in empirically and logically validating their outcomes,less visible progress compared to empirical sciences,and weak market orientation and non-coercive nature in value orientation.It is further strengthened by the nature of researchers’work in these disciplines,which often involves their paraphrastic interpretation and formulaicapplication.The nature of researchers’work in humanities and social sciences derives from the inherent features of these disciplines,and can be adaptively adjusted.Therefore,the skepticism directed at their work is far less severe than that towards the inherent features of the humanities.However,all radical critiques of humanities and social sciences frequently extend the STEM standards without adequate justification,and are unjustified viewpoints of humanities and social sciences.They are,in essence,connivance at an unjustified idea of humanities and social sciences,rather than endorsement of STEM.As an offshoot of advancements in science and engineering,artificial intelligence shows great potential for application.However,due to its lack of emotion,intuition,and originality,it cannot fully substitute for humans in the humanities.To develop New Liberal Arts under current circumstances,it is important to preserve the humanistic elements in the disciplines,to avoid reducing the disciplines to mere technology application scenarios,and to steer clear of radical positions within the third culture.In this way,humanities and social sciences can truly make progress.

关 键 词：“文科无用”论 文科特征 人工智能 第三种文化 新文科 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]