人工智能证据的类型分析与规则建构  

Type Analysis and Rule Construction of Artificial Intelligence Evidence

作　　者：谢登科 XIE Deng-ke

机构地区：[1]吉林大学理论法学研究中心 [2]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《学习与探索》2025年第3期62-72,F0002,175,共13页Study & Exploration

基　　金：证据科学教育部重点实验室(中国政法大学)开放基金资助课题“人工智能问题的证据法研究”(2022KFKT04);中央高校基本科研业务费项目“智慧司法:互联网法庭模式的创新与探索”(2022-JCXK-34)。

摘　　要：人工智能的技术扩散和广泛应用已成为社会发展趋势。在涉人工智能的行政执法和司法活动中,人工智能证据成为认定事实的新兴证据。狭义人工智能证据仅限于人工智能对数据处理后形成的结果或者意见,而广义人工智能证据包括狭义人工智能证据、人工智能自动收集或采集的数据、人工智能系统本身等。界定人工智能证据内涵及其外延时,需要正确处理好其与大数据证据、算法证据、科学证据之间的关系。当下人工智能证据的使用场景,主要包括AI犯罪案件中的人工智能证据、AI执法中的人工智能证据、数字检察中的人工智能证据、智慧司法中的人工智能证据。在立法层面,需要赋予人工智能证据独立的法律地位,将人工智能证据列入法定证据种类中;将人工智能证据的收集获取和审查认定纳入技术性正当程序规制;通过技术和法律来保障人工智能证据的真实性与可靠性。The diffusion and widespread application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology have become a trend in social development.In administrative law enforcement and judicial activities involving artificial intelli-gence,AI evidence has become an important emerging evidence for determining facts.Narrowly defined artifi-cial intelligence evidence is limited to the results or opinions formed by artificial intelligence after data processing.General artificial intelligence evidence includes narrow artificial intelligence evidence,data automatically collected or collected by artificial intelligence,and artificial intelligence systems themselves.When defining the connotation and extension of artificial intelligence evidence,it is necessary to correctly handle its relation-ship with big data evidence,algorithm evidence,and scientific evidence.The current usage scenarios of artifi-cial intelligence evidence mainly include AI evidence in AI crime cases,AI evidence in AI law enforcement,AI evidence in digital prosecution,and AI evidence in smart justice.At the legislative level,it is necessary to give independent legal status to artificial intelligence evidence and include it in the category of legal evidence in China;Incorporate the collection,acquisition,review,and identification of artificial intelligence evidence into the regulation of technical due process;Ensure the authenticity and reliability of artificial intelligence evi-dence through technical and legal measures.

关 键 词：人工智能证据 证据种类 鉴定意见 电子数据 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]