基层“数据形式主义”:表现、成因与治理  

“Data Formalism”in the Grassroots:Expressions,Causes and Solutions

作　　者：赵檀 Zhao Tan(School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100086)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第2期83-91,共9页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：基层形式主义,是指在政策执行中强调表面形式,忽略工作的实际效果。当前,政府和学界关注的形式主义,主要发生在基层政府的日常活动或一般程序中,如会议、文件、督导检查等。但是,各地的田野调查显示,还有一种普遍发生在政府体制内部运行中的形式主义,其目的是应对考核中有明确数字或数量要求的指标任务,也就是“数据形式主义”。“数据形式主义”的主要表现是,为达到某一量化指标,基层政府通过各种非常规方法,从表面或账面上实现了“数据达标”,但并未产生任何实质性效果。同时,还耗费了政府资源,增加了基层负担,损害了政府的公信力,甚至可能影响上级的政策制定。要遏制“数据形式主义”的蔓延,关键在于厘清基层政府的职责范围和综合运用多样化的考核方法,避免考核结果的“唯数据论”。The grassroots formalism is the emphasis on superficial forms in policy implementation whereas ignoring the actual effects and outcomes.At present,the formalism that both the government and academia are concerned about mainly occurs in the grassroots government's daily activities or routinized procedures,such as conferences,documents,supervision and inspection.However,the fieldwork in several places reveals that,there exists another form of formalism that is common in the internal operation of the government system,which aims to deal with the indicators and tasks with clear numerical or quantitative requirements in the assessment,that is,“data formalism”.“Data formalism”occurs when the grassroots governments devise a variety of informal methods to“meet the required data”for the sake of the data without any substantial effect.Meanwhile,those informal methods would cause a waste of government resources,increase the grassroots burden,harm the government s public image,and even potentially influence the policy-making process in the higher-level government.The key to restrain“data formalism”lies in clarifying the scope of responsibilities of grassroots governments and comprehensively employing a variety of evaluation methods to avoid“data-only”assessment results.

关 键 词：基层治理 形式主义 绩效考核 

分 类 号：D26[政治法律—政治学]