新型多孔材料去除放射性铯的研究进展  

Research Progress of Novel Porous Materials for Removal of Radioactive Cesium

作　　者：于洋洋 徐亮[2] 王建军 刘姣 范敏伊 陈琰琳 夏爽 杨成明 藏雨 YU Yangyang;XU Liang;WANG Jianjun;LIU Jiao;FAN Minyi;CHEN Yanlin;XIA Shuang;YANG Chengming;ZANG Yu(College of Materials Scienceand Engineering,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar 161006,China;Analysis and Testing Center,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学材料科学与工程学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]齐齐哈尔大学分析测试中心,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《材料科学与工程学报》2025年第1期136-142,共7页Journal of Materials Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52173202);黑龙江省自然科学基金优秀青年项目(YQ2022E043);黑龙江省教育厅基本科研业务费项目(130212222031)。

摘　　要：本文总结了近年来国内外不同种类的离子交换剂应用于铯吸附领域的研究进展,同时对其今后的研究方向进行了展望。日本福岛核电站的核泄漏事故对周边水资源造成了严重污染。其中,放射性铯正是福岛核电站事故中释放出的主要放射性物质之一,137Cs半衰期长达30年,衰变后释放的γ射线对人体危害极大。放射性铯经由食物链进入人体后易导致人体细胞癌变,在摄入量超过6 Gy时甚至会导致人体死亡。因此,寻找精准高效地去除放射铯的材料刻不容缓。目前,离子交换法是液相体系中去除铯离子的主要方法。常见的离子交换剂分为无机和有机两类,其中新型多孔材料(如沸石分子筛、POPs、MOFs等)作为新兴的高效离子交换剂,对放射性废水中铯离子的吸附具有实际的应用价值。In this paper,the recent research progress of different types of ion exchangers used in cesium adsorption is summarized,and the future research direction is prospected.Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power plant nuclear leakage accident caused serious pollution to the surrounding water resources.Among them,radioactive cesium is one of the main radioactive substances released in the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident,137Cs half-life as long as 30 years,decay will release gamma rays,great harm to human health.Radioactive cesium is easy to cause cancer in human cells after entering the food chain,and even lead to death when the intake exceeds 6Gy.Therefore,the search for accurate and efficient removal of radioactive cesium materials is urgent.At present,ion exchange method is the main method to remove cesium ions in liquid phase system.Currently,common ion exchangers can be divided into inorganic ion exchangers and organic ion exchangers,among which new porous materials(zeolite molecular sieve,POPs,MOFs,etc.)are emerging and efficient ion exchangers,which have practical application value for the adsorption of cesium ions in radioactive wastewater.

关 键 词：铯 吸附 离子交换法 多孔材料 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]